Stuarts - Chapter 7: Divisions over religion (Arminianism, Laudianism, Puritanism)

Question 1

What were most of PN?

Answer 1

Conservative Calvinists

Question 2

What is Jacobethan balance?

Answer 2

Tolerance for moderate Arminians & Puritans so it cancels out

Question 3

Who did Charles promote in 1633?

Answer 3

Laud promoted to Archbishop of Canterbury

Question 4

What were 2 features of Laudianism?

Answer 4

• rejection of predestination

- less emphasis on bible & more on ceremony

Question 5

By 1640, how did Protestants feel about Charles?

Answer 5

Most Protestants were united against Charles due to him siding with Laudianism

Question 6

What did Charles siding with Laudianism do and how did Puritans respond?

Answer 6

It broke the Jacobethan balance

Puritans were outraged as they opposed Laud’s religious changes

Question 7

What were the main changes brought in by Laudianism?

Answer 7

• communion table moved to east wall
• more emphasis on ceremony
• decoration
• more music in services
• vestments
• removal of gentry’s ornamental pews

Question 8

How did Puritans feel about Laudian changes?

Answer 8

Changes were seen as idolatry, most upset by communion table policy as Charles gave no real justification

Question 9

What is the altar policy?

Answer 9

Communion table against east wall of church ( where Catholic altar had been)

Question 10

What changed about church ceremony?

Answer 10

services on catechism, prayer book had list of statements to recite

these were there as Charles and Laud thought it gave order

Puritans thought it was moving away from the bible

Question 11

What was the campaign against unlicensed preaching?

Answer 11

Limited preaching to Sunday to control Puritans

(1633) Preaching limited more due to legal attack on Feoffes for impropiations

Question 12

What was in the (1633) reissue of the Book of Sports?

Answer 12

outlined sports/activities after compulsory Sunday service

Question 13

What did Puritans see as evidence for a Catholic conspiracy?

Answer 13

many Catholics in court that had had access to Charles that were thought to be influencing him

Question 14

What was passed in 1640 to codify Laud’s measures?

Answer 14

‘canon laws’ passed

They cause major Puritan backlash in England and Scotland that caused the collapse of Charles’ and Laud’s authority

Question 15

Why was Charles not very popular in Scotland?

Answer 15

He was an absentee King so his policies alienated Scottish elite

Most of Scotland was Presbyterian so Charles’ imposition of Laudianism angered many

didn’t return to Scotland till 1633 which was a clear sign to Scots of his priorities

Question 16

What was the Act of Revocation (1625)?

Answer 16

Charles exploited feudal right to take land from Scottish elite, this lead to landowners uniting against Charles

Question 17

What was the Article of Perth (1625)?

Answer 17

Further instructions for kneeling at communion

Question 18

What were the new canons imposed on Scotland (1636)? How were they interpreted?

Answer 18

• altar at east wall
• ministers wear surplice at communion
• improvised prayer banned

Seen as a return to Catholicism

Question 19

What was introduced to Scotland (1637)?

Answer 19

New prayer book leaning towards Catholicism

Question 20

What is Millenarianism?

Answer 20

belief in Protestantism that there will an end to the world

Question 21

What was St. Gregory’s Case (1633)?

Answer 21

At St. Gregory’s Church (London) the communion table moved to east end which meant the family pews needed to be moved, the Parishioners challenged this as they thought it was offensive

There was a lavish covering, this also upset the Puritans as it resembled Catholicism

Charles brought Parishioners before Privy Council as a test case

Question 22

What did John Williams do (1637)?

Answer 22

He published ‘The Holy Table, Name & Thing’, where he criticised the altar policy

Because of this Bishop John Williams was imprisoned

Question 23

Why were Prynne, Burton and Bastwick punished (1637)? How were they punished?

Answer 23

Prynne was brought before the courts in 1633 for a controversial pamphlet ‘Histrio-mastix’

Prynne, Burton & Bastwick criticised the church’s new policies so were brought before the Court of Star Chamber (English court of law) - they were found guilty of criticising Laud’s measures, so were fined £5000 and imprisoned for life

Question 24

Why did people sympathise with Prynne, Burton and Bastwick’s punishment?

Answer 24

People sympathised for them as they were professionals (eg. lawyer) rather than because they agreed with their criticisms

Question 25

What did John Lilburne do (1638)? How was he punished?

Answer 25

John helped distribute Bastwick’s works, as he was a Puritan who opposed Laudianism

In Feb 1638, he was found guilty by the Star Chamber for printing unlicensed literature - he was fined then whipped and pilloried, the punishment was brutal and after he was sent to prison