Chapter 14: The Consolidation Of The Republic: Scotland And Dunbar; Campaigns In Ireland; Charles II And Worcester

Question 1

Describe the war between Scotland and the Rump

Answer 1

• Scotland declared Charles II King and persuaded him to accept Covenant for military aid to invade England
• Rump striked first with Cromwell in command
• (Sep 1650) Cromwell retreats to Dunbar, Thomas Harrison prays for his forces, Cromwell defeated Scottish Army
• (1651) Lambert succeeded against Scots, Cromwell used this to take control in Perth

Question 2

Describe the war between Ireland and the Rump

Answer 2

• series of sieges in Ireland to destroy their strongholds so they can’t resist
• (Aug 1649) Cromwell landed in Ireland with 10,000 troops
• swift campaign as Parliament wanted to focus on the Scottish threat

Question 3

Describe the events of Charles II’s invasion of England and his defeat at Worcester (1651)

Answer 3

• Charles invaded with a Scottish royalist force of 20,000
• faced 4,000 troops lead by Harrison and Lambert
• When Charles’ troops refuse to move on from Worcester, they were outnumbered and they eventually fled

Question 4

Why did Charles II’s invasion fail?

Answer 4

• desertions meant only 13,000 troops crossed the border to England
• Charles had no foreign aid
• risings against the republic quickly suppressed

Question 5

What did the Rump vote for in Feb 1649 that was controversial?

Answer 5

• abolished monarchy and established a republic

Question 6

How did the Rump try and enforce loyalty?

Answer 6

• (Jan 1650): Engagement Act declaring all men swear an oath of loyalty to Commonwealth
• (July 1650): Treason Act passed making it illegal to deny authority of the Commons
• these were impossible to enforce

Question 7

Why was it unsurprising the NMA won against the Scots?

Answer 7

• religious motivation at core of NMA so more confidence
• English sea power meant Cromwell’s forces could be resupplied
• England has a stronger economy and army is better funded