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Stuarts AS Level > Chapter 11: The Second Civil War > Flashcards

Chapter 11: The Second Civil War Flashcards

1
Q

When did the Parliamentary factions emerge?

A

1646

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2
Q

Name 3 features of the Political Presbyterians

A
  • more moderate
  • more conservative
  • opposed to religious toleration, support Presbyterian church
  • favour negotiation of King
  • more disenchanted with NMA
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3
Q

Name 3 features of the Political Independents

A
  • more radical
  • disliked authoritarianism of Scottish Presbyterianism
  • wanted religious toleration
  • allied with NMA
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4
Q

What was the Declaration of Dislike and how was it significant?

A
  • Army Petitioners declared enemy of state
  • caused great division between parliamentary factions
  • forced politicisation of NMA
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5
Q

Why was NMA politicised?

A
  • Newcastle Propositions & Declaration of Dislike offend NMA
  • wages not paid
  • No idemnity act so chance they could be charged
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6
Q

Explain the division within royalist cause from division

A
  • royalist councils had different views so there were incoherent policies
  • exacerbated by Charles’ lack of leadership
  • Henrietta Maria had the most influence on Charles and wanted a war, Charles’ main adviser wanted a settlement
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7
Q

Name and explain 3 reasons for royalist weakness in the second civil war

A
  • Charles is a poor military leader: did not listen to advice
  • Charles + Catholics: Charles made agreement with Catholic Irish rebels so they could support him in the war, this was a mistake as it disturbed Charles’ supporters
  • Reliance on foreign aid: Kings Cabinet controversy showed Charles was negotiating with Pope & France, reliant on Prince Rupert
  • Indecisiveness
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8
Q

Name and explain 4 reasons for parliamentary strength in the second civil war

A
  • NMA: (1644/45) Parliament restructure military so soldiers are regularly paid, professional so Parliament in stronger position
  • John Pym: persuaded members to accept alliance with the Scottish Covenants (1643)
  • War finance:
  • control of navy: hampered supply of Royalist areas from mainland Europe & Ireland
  • Holding London: access to resources, largest port, centre of printing so advantage in propaganda production
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9
Q

What increased tension between Parliament and NMA May-June 1647?

A
  • March: NMA petition P to address their grievances(not been paid) and P condemns it
  • May: Commons accept Charles’ 3rd reply to Newcastle Prop. (P control of army for 10 years + Presbyterianism)
  • May: Commons vote to disband NMA
  • June 1647: NMA meeting occurs where they organise a general army council
  • June 1647: Charles seized by army
  • June 1647: Humble Remonstrance(A won’t disband until grievances met)
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10
Q

What was the Solemn Engagement?

A
  • NMA meeting to declare they will never disband until their grievances addressed
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11
Q

Why were the start of NMA meetings significant and who dominated them?

A
  • politicised NMA

- dominated by Cromwell & Ireton

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12
Q

Why was a good relationship between the NMA and Parliament essential when negotiating with Charles?

A
  • After June 1647, Army physically had Charles so had control of him but P had to negotiate settlement with Charles
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13
Q

What was the Humble Remonstrance (June 1647)?

A

-Declaration from Army that they won’t disband until their grievances are met

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14
Q

What were 3 points of the Representation of the Army?

A
  • purge P
  • fixed duration of P
  • ppl have freedom to petition P
  • religious freedom
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15
Q

What were 3 points of the Heads of Proposals?

A
  • regular P
  • reform of P representation
  • P control of army + navy
  • religious settlement
  • Act of Oblivion (only a few royalists pardoned)
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16
Q

Why did the Heads of Proposals cause division within the Army?

A
  • Adjutators wanted to March for London to secure demands faster as they thought they were too moderate
17
Q

Why did the Heads of Proposals increase tension between the Army and Parliament?

A
  • Charles failed to take settlement seriously, had a lot of P reform
18
Q

When did Charles escape Hampton Court and what did he do?

A
  • November 1647
  • began to negotiate with Scots & in Dec agreed to Engagement
  • this threat from the Scots hardened P & Army
19
Q

What was Vote of No Addresses (Jan 1648)?

A

P passed declaration that meant no negotiation with Charles

20
Q

When did NMA first debate regicide? How did Parliament react?

A
  • April 1648 at Windsor meeting

- P more reluctant to cooperate with them as NMA becoming more religiously radical

21
Q

Explain the events after Scottish forces joined 4000 English Royalists in July 1648

A
  • Aug 1648: Cromwell crushed royalist rebels in SW and Scots

- Oct 1648: Cromwell & Lambert go to Edinburgh to ensure anti-Engagers secure power in Scotland

22
Q

Why was NMA divided across country in 1648?

A
  • fighting uprisings in the South West
23
Q

When did the Parliamentary factions emerge?

A

1646

24
Q

Name 3 features of the Political Presbyterians

A
  • more moderate
  • more conservative
  • opposed to religious toleration, support Presbyterian church
  • favour negotiation of King
  • more disenchanted with NMA
25
Q

Name 3 features of the Political Independents

A
  • more radical
  • disliked authoritarianism of Scottish Presbyterianism
  • wanted religious toleration
  • allied with NMA
26
Q

What was the Declaration of Dislike and how was it significant?

A
  • Army Petitioners declared enemy of state
  • caused great division between parliamentary factions
  • forced politicisation of NMA
27
Q

Why was NMA politicised?

A
  • Newcastle Propositions & Declaration of Dislike offend NMA
  • wages not paid
  • No idemnity act so chance they could be charged
28
Q

What are army grievances?

A
  • Newcastle Propositions and Declaration of Dislike offend NMA
  • wages not paid
  • no indemnity act

Stuarts AS Level (17 decks)

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