stuarts 4- glorious revolution Flashcards
print in lead to glorious rev
halifax
brunet
fagal
libels
halifac- print gr lead
Letter to a Dissenter, August 1687. 20k copies, argues for the importance of Anglican-Dissenter solidarity in opposition to Catholicism.
burnet leads gr print
Ill Effects of Animosities between Protestants in England. Written while he was at the Hague on William’s invitation, thus should be seen as an early piece of Orangist propaganda. Argues C2 and J2 intentionally dividing A and D to perpetuate pseudo-Catholic hegemony.
fagel - print leading gr
Letter. Grand Pensionary of Holland and trusted political ally of WOO. 45k copies, outlining WOO religious policy: toleration of private worship for all, but Catholics barred from officeholding. (this is more tolerant than Toleration Act).
during- gr print
- Song ‘Lilliburlero’ saps further morale from James’ troops by implying they are fighting for the Irish against the English.
print - post gr
- Tony Clayton: propaganda presenting William as an idealised religious reformer is important in creating a connection between him and the English people which transcends their national difference.
causes gr
j2 and third crisis
the heir
woo and dutch factor
from below
j2 third crisis
declaration of indulgence 1688
tyranny
attempts regain ground
j2 declaration of indulgence
- April 1688 Declaration of indulgence
- Pushes the Dissenters and the Anglicans together
- Even a moderate like John Evelyn was, from this point, prepared to countenance revolution and even anticipate it optimistically.
- 30/6/1688
James II begins to promote Catholicism openly, issuing declarations of indulgence to grant Catholics and Protestant dissenters exemptions from penal laws. He also grants positions in government and the military to Catholics, further alienating Protestant factions.
js tyranny conserquences- gr cause
- Pushes the Tories into conceiving real resistance theories.
- Gives William a legitimate excuse for the invasion, see his Declaration.
j2- attempt regain ground - causes gr
attempts to regain ground, and the weighty concessions offered, suggest he misjudged the level of ire his policies would cause.
- 21/9: proclamation assuring the safety of the COE and that Catholics would continue to be barred from officeholding.
- 28/9: restoration of the Bishop of London, Magdalen fellows, London Charter, dispensary power to be put to Parliament.
- therefore, misjudged?
heir- cause
- 1/6/1688, marks an end to the ‘wait and see’ policies of men like Halifax
- Changes James’ behaviour
threat of protestant heir now .
woo dutch factor
- Could never be decisive.
- WOO half the size army
- Exhausted from journey
- Whole country against them
- The crucial event of the war was that James threw in the towel so quickly.
from bellow- cause of gr
- This debate rages between the likes of Pincus and Harris versus Black and Israel.
- £200k raised by London merchants for William’s cause in just 6 weeks July-August 1688.
- Naval mutiny
- 12k flood to William in the first three weeks of November to the extent that he has to send huge numbers home!
resistance doi
- mass resistance, just 200 of 9000 churches read it
- from both Anglicans and Dissenters
- the arrested seven bishops (1662, 1672) were visited by ten dissenters and received letters of support from the Presbyterians in Scotland.
chronology gr
jan/feb 1688 pregnancy announced
apr 1688 doi
June 1688 baby born
June 1688 invitation William of orange
nov 1688 William invasion
dec 1688- James flees
jan 1689 declaration of rights
feb 1689 William and Mary crowned
1689 bill of rights
invitation to invade
June 1688 - Invitation to William of Orange:
Fearing a Catholic dynasty, a group of Protestant nobles (the Immortal Seven) invites William of Orange, the Protestant husband of Mary II (James II’s daughter), to intervene. They express concern about James’s policies and the future of Protestantism in England.
invasion 1688 nov
In November 1688, William of Orange landed in Torbay, England, with an army of about 15,000 men. His invasion was well-coordinated, and he had the support of many influential figures in England, including military commanders and some of James II’s own officers, Anne James daughter
The English people, many of whom were unhappy with James’s rule, largely remained passive, and the invasion was effectively bloodless.
banners
rising absolutism Charles ii
increase civil serve v, small personal army sacrificing parliamentary sov
James absolutism - parliament
reduce freedom of speech in parliament
independence of elections
regularity f. its sittings
bolster catholic c
ambitions of repealing test acts and penal laws
critic of James and sabsolutism
tapsell- gallican Catholic sbsolutid- emulate sucessful Louis xiv- destroying ancient constitution
catholic concessions in irland- James
tyrconnel capitulated to- more catholics in Irish army
- increasing number of catholic soldiers from 800 to 5k between end of 1685 and sep 1686
James ii modified land settlement enable catholics recover part of their estates, embellishing narrative that James ii was a ruler not interested in true pro values
broader catholic context fears rising
lousy xiv 1685- revoked edict nantes- rexpell fr huguenot protestants thus refugees to London and Amsterdam telling tales Catholic persecution
James catholic sympathiser n eng
- 1687 James implemented through newly ecclesiastical commission - resistance magdalen college Oxford- dons stripped fellowship
