religion- Charles- 1690 Flashcards
Charles I Scotland
five articles of Perth- James but set off tension
1633 corned king
1637 prayer book
nat covenant 1639
1634 solemn league and covenant
five articles of Perth
James I religious reforms
1618 aim align church scot and eng
kneeling at communion
observance f holy days
private baptism and communoion
confirmation by bishops
seems more catholic than rpes
1633- scot
crowned king of scots- late- borought laud with him, laud does so English style with holy oil and disaster
1638 scot
- National covenant 1638- triggered to do so by prayer bok
o Promise to each other and god that would fight against these religious changes
o These cov who led two successful bishops wars 1639 and 1640 against English in defence of religious liberty
o Also highlights weakness of the king- financialy and miliatrly
solemn league and con
- 1634- solemn leage and ocv
o Pact between parliament and Scottish troops
o saw parliament promise to preserve cos and reform churches of eng and Scotland under pres principles in return Scottish forces
o these Scottish troops marches into eng, winning against royalists at battle marston moro 1644
ireland- charles i
1641 rebellion
exacerbated tensions of popish plot
leading to grand remonstrance to king
1641 Irish rebellion
- oct 1641- riish gentry and military leaders rebeled against eng
o variety of causes including persecution of catholics
as well as continuing plantations and settlements in irelandm lack of political representation
Irish rebellion implications
o exacerbated tensions as cont ida of popish plot- threatening safety of proetstants as a ‘weak ad persecuted minority’
founded in foze book of martyrs 1563
one pamphlet stating how events at Armagh saw rebels murdering eng and scotish women and churldren- riish barbaric
popisg plot led to grand reomstrance to king
grand remonstrance
popisg plot led to grand reomstrance to king
* drafted by john pym and circle- detailed Charles I abuses both real and imagined since 1625
* pym and foru members then impeached by Charles- arrest if tgeh five memvers
* Charles went into commons to arrest them ginmself
* Embarrassingly ignored- thus Charles left capital
* Then mar 1642 militia ordinance- placed command of each countys armed forces in hands of their supporters
laudianism
laud- who is he
1640 impeached
1641 protestation
trigger rebellion 1641 root and branch
19 propositions 1642
division in parliament
laud - who is he
- laud- appt archbishop canterury Charles I 1633- laud sought to reintroduce some pre-reformation practices
o encouraging parihsioners to come up to the rails to recive ecommunion
o giving greater signif in mass to the sacraments
o introducing book fo sport- permitted morris dancing and may day selevrations
o impeached dec 1640 suvevrting religion causing division between king and subjects
imprisoned in tower
1641 protestation
- 1641- protestantiom of1641- parliament passed bill 3 may requiring those over age 18 to sign protestantion an oath of allegiance to king chalres andc ofe
o Needed to hold public office
o Those not wllling to sign listed as refusing to pledge its oath
o Attempt avert civil war
1641 rebellion eng
o root and branch petition 1641
15k signatures
o Parliament enbabled communities to take agency on religious ocncerns through loclaities of the commons order 1641
o Communities destroyed altar rails, crucifixes and images imposed by laud
Chelmsford- radicals smashed stained glass to pieces percievd idolatrous
parliament response root and branch
o 19 propositions 1642
o Article 8- reformation of church gov on basis root and branch petitions
o Article 7- removal of votes from catholic lords- demonstrating a willingness sto remove power from catholic
o Charels rejected- symbolic of disregard coop and communications
division in parliament
calvinism
arminianism
parliamentary propaganda
calvinism
doctrine cofe
Belief predestination and anti-episcopacy
arminianism
greater belief free will and sacrament holy communion
Tyacke- religion issue in civil war due to rise I power armiianism 1620s and 30s
1633 act f privy council establishing precedent all parochial churches place altars at east end of church
Further anti-calvinsit policy enacted with kings declaration against contentious preaching
Censuring bishop davennant mar 1630 firnt of privy council
parliamentary propaganda under Charles I
arminians
dominating motif’ ble with slogans ‘verbum dei ‘
Bishops tumbling from thrones with caption ‘antichrist must down
London religious rebellions
August 1641, Puritans smash stained glass windows at St Margaret’s
- Venner Uprising; 110 dissenters elected to the common council both occur in the foundation of Restoration and colour the repressive settlement which causes such problems.
restoration settlement
- crisis of restoration traced back to this
- moderate press could have assimilated
1664 conventional act
intentionally exclusionary
result
restoration settlement- moderate pres assimilation
could have been assimilated: they readily co-operated with the 1661 Act preventing quaker meetings
- Smith and Boscher argue it could have been assimilated: Smith argues that the Presbyterian piety which turned away from outward zeal to inward spirituality – epitomised by Bunyan’s Pilgrims Progress – could have worked. This is where Seaward’s argument that Charles was inevitably going to fail here less convincing.
1664 conventicle act
bans unauthorised religious meetings of more than 5
result of restoration settlement
Great Ejection of 1662 is the result.
following passage of act of uniformity - requiring conformity to book of common prayer
nonconformists- n St. Bartholomew’s Day (August 24, 1662), approximately 2,000 Puritan ministers who refused to comply with the Act were expelled from their positions in the Church of England.
act of uniformity Charles
1662 Clarendon reforms - restore anglican settlement
Use the Book of Common Prayer.
Be reordained by Anglican bishops if not already ordained in the Church of England.
Swear allegiance to the monarchy.
Renounce the Solemn League and Covenant, a Presbyterian agreement from the 1640s.
state of church under Charles
- settlement after period major disruption
poverty damage disrepair
opposition and lack attendance
Charles churhc- disruption
Geddingdon, Northampton, there had been no communion or settled minister for 50 years.
poverty and damage Charles church
poverty, damage and disrepair; tellig that a 1665 Act allowed for the joining of small parishes
opp and apathy charles church ii
lay attendance was quite shocking Smarden Kent, of 1k parishioners, 200 come to church and only 8 take communion on Easter
- 1683 William Lloyd found the people of his diocese “trangely averse to the liturgy”
catholicism - Charles ii
Charles may not have converted until his deathbed but the court was still suffused with it: Charles’ mother, wife, two principal mistresses, Phillip Howard, French ambassadors, Clifford.
- on a diet of Foxe, the Spanish Armada and the Gunpowder Plot Catholicism was resolutely viewed as part of an international conspiracy.
1667-70
clla w buckkingham ascendían for religious tolerance
ultimately conventicle act reasserts conformity
1672 Charles
declaration of indulgence
test act
revoked
1673- 79
Danny and anglican
primary period of persecution of nonfomity
1675 council orders firmer enforcement of laws against dissent
bill limit office holding to those in communion
James ii religion measures
protests from parliament
religious tolerance
scotland
pres
James ii popishness and reaction
- Virtually whole court and council Catholic
- Tories naturally loyal to the crown and the COE: James makes them choose between them, and the Homily on Obedience ultimately made it an easy decision.
- 1686: Anglican magistrates like the Lord Mayor of Bristol tries preventing the celebration of the mass; Lord Mayor of London tries to stop the erection of a Catholic chapel in London
ames ii protest parliament religion
November 1685, protests from Commons and Lords about his dispensations to 90 Catholic officers to join the army.
James religious toleration
November 1686, licensing office for certificates of dispensation from penal laws for dissenters
- February 1687, proclamation granting freedom of private worship to Catholics and Quakers, not dissenters
- June 1687, Declaration of Indulgence allowing complete tolerance for Catholics and private worship for presbyterians.
scot jamesi i religion
- Presbyterians quickly gained prominence and in west Scotland they derailled the established church which began to lose control: quickly seen as a premonition of England
ireland james ii rleigion
- Equally, in Ireland, by September 1686, Catholics constituted 67% of army privates and 40% officers. Established church and schools deprived of funds, judges and privy councillors replaced with Catholics.
gr religious settlement
morrill
toleration act
dissenter meeting houses licenced
problems
sucess
morril religious settlement
- Morrill: “a centrist compromise and constitutional blur” – not idealistic about the religious settlement
toleration act William
Mary 1689: may have allowed private worship, but in barring them from public office dissenters and Catholics remained second class citizens.
* Freedom of worship for dissenters who assent to oath of allegiance.
* Licensed meeting places and teachers. YET, still second class citizens.
* Not the same for Catholics, Jews, Atheists or nontrinitarians.
- Catholics subject to civil disabilities; paying double on the 1690s Land Tax; war against Catholic France exacerbated hostilities.
dissenter meetin houses licenced
3,614 dissenter meeting houses licensed 1689-1710: Beddard calls this the belated Whig victory of the exclusion crisis. Schwoerer agrees.
problem w gr religious settlement?
- ‘Occasional Conformity’, taking Anglican communion once a year so as to be elligible for public office, scandalises Tories but works for those seeking office. Bills to stop it defeated in the Lords.
sucess- religious settlement William
- Hume, woo acted for the greater good of England against the religious bigotry of James II.
- James II is Macaulay’s villain and William of Orange, the savior of the nation.
- Trevelyan concludes by saying that ‘the ultimate view that we take of the Revolution of 1688 must be determined by our preference either for royal absolutism or for parliamentary government.’
act of settlement
- Exclude Catholics from the succession.
- Response to the events of WOO reign.
- foreign monarch cannot declare war without the consent of parliament (his secret dealings).
- Matters of national consequence must be discussed in the Privy Council.
- No pensionaries of the crown in the HOC.
