Structure of the respiratory system

Question 1

What is the respiratory system

Answer 1

A group of organs that allow you to breath in oxygen and breath out carbon dioxide

Question 2

what are the 4 things that make up the structure of the respiratory system

Answer 2

Nose, trachea, bronchi, lungs

Question 3

what are two functions of the nasal cavity

Answer 3

1- it warms and humidifies air as you breath before it goes into the lungs

2- hairs and mucus lining the nose trap debris from entering into the lungs

Question 4

what is the pharynx and what does it do

Answer 4

• it allows you to breath and swallow
• air travels through it before going into the trachea by the epiglottis
• the epiglottis covers the oesophagus, guiding air into the trachea

Question 5

what is the larynx and what does it do

Answer 5

• the larynx contains the vocal cords (voice box)
• when swallowing, the epiglottis covers the larynx stopping food from entering it

Question 6

what is the trachea

Answer 6

it carries air in and out of the lungs

Question 7

what is the shape/ structure of the trachea

Answer 7

• it is made up C shaped cartilage that holds the structure open ensuring air can always pass through
• at its base, it splits into two branches

Question 8

- Primary, secondary, tertiary

what are bronchi and what do they split into

Answer 8

• when the trachea splits into two, they care called the primary bronchi
• the primary bronchi then split into secondary bronchi which take air into each lung
• these are then split into tertiary bronchi

Question 9

tertiary divide = terminal

what are bronchioles and how do they split

Answer 9

• tertiary bronchi divide into smaller airways called bronchioles and continue to split until termilal bronchioles are formed

Question 10

what is the difference between bronchi and bronchioles

Answer 10

Bronchi contain cartilage, whereas bronchioles are made of smooth muscle and elastin allowing the control of airflow in the lungs

Question 11

What are the lungs make up of

Answer 11

• they make up the whole chest cavity and are divided into lobes
• left = 2 lobes, right = 3 lobes

Question 12

what are lungs covered in and what does pleural fluid do

Answer 12

lungs are covered in a membrane called pleura. pleural fluid allows lungs to slide along the chest wall when breathing

Question 13

in lungs, cell thick, C2 & CO2 exchange

what are alveoli and where are they located

Answer 13

• inside the lungs, bronchioles open up into small clusters of tiny air sacks called alveoli
• alveoli are only 1 cell thick and surrounded by blod cappilaries
• they allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to be exchanged with the blood