Metabiolism Flashcards
Define metabolism
The chemical process that occurs within living organisms in order to maintain life
What are the two types of chemical reactions that the metabolism is made up of
Catabolic & Anabolic
What is a catabolic reaction
- Large molecules are broken down into smaller ones
- Catabolic reactions release energy
- Digestion is an example of a catabolic reaction
What is a anabolic reaction
- Small molecules are built up into larger ones
- anabolic reactions require energy
- protein synthesis is an example of an anabolic
What is a nutrient
- Any substance in food that is used for growth, repair, and maintaining the body
what are the 4 types organic compounds
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acid
what is an organic compound
molecules that have a carbon chain
Carbohydrates?
main source of energy for cells
simple sugars (carbohydrates)
- monosaccharides are simple / single sugar units
- single sugars particularly glucose are used in cellular respiration to release energy
- two simple sugars joined are called disaccarides.
complex sugars (carbohydrates)
- polysaccharides are larger carbohydrate molecules formed when many simple sugars join together
- Complex carbohydrates, such as starch, are broken down to simple sugars.
what are lipids and what are they made up of?
- fats and oil
- made up of glycerol and fatty acids
lipid structure and most common lipid?
- each lipid molecule consists of one molecule of glycerol and 1, 2, or 3 fatty acid molecules
- most common fat is triglyceride which is made up of 1 molecule of glycerol and 3 fatty acids
what are proteins made up of? and what are the bonds between amino acids
- made up of many amino acids that bond to make chains.
- bond between amino acids is called peptide bond
- two amino acids joined by a peptide bond is called a dipeptide
what is the most important protein made?
- enzymes, which influence the metabolism by controlling chemical reactions that occur in the body
what is nucleic acid and what are the two main kinds
- large molecules containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus.
- they are made from nucleotides each of which contain a nitrogen base, sugar, and a phosphate.
- RNA, DNA
What is RNA (nucleic acid)
- single chain of nucleotides
- carry information from DNA into the nucleus
what is DNA (nucleic acid)
- two chains of nucleotides that contain the sugar dyoxyribose
- Genetic material in the nucleus that stores inherited information
what is a inorganic compound
not based on a carbon chain
water (inorganic compound)
needed to dissolve other substances and is a medium for chemical reactions
Minerals (inorganic compound)
builds the body eg: calcium in bones or iron in blood
Vitamins (inorganic compound)
Essential for cell building, digestion, and chemical reactions
