Structure of the airway Flashcards
List the structures that form the conducting and respiratory portions of the respiratory tract
The structures of the respiratory tract;
- Nose, nasal cavity and sinuses
- Nasopharynx and soft palate
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Bronchi and bronchial tree
- Lungs and pleura
- Thoracic wall
- Diaphragm
- Mechanisms of respiration
What does the nose branch off into?
The nose is the external structure which anteriorly encloses the nasal cavities which are held open by bone and cartilage. The entry into the nasal cavities is via the nares. The nasal cavities are located above the oral cavity posterior to the nose and anterior to the nasopharynx
What are the nasal cavities lined with?
The nasal cavities are lined with a highly vascularised mucosal membrane which is lined with Respiratory epithelium
What makes up the respiratory epithelium?
The respiratory epithelium is made up of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium which are interspersed with goblet cells (that secret mucus).
What makes up the respiratory epithelium?
The respiratory epithelium is made up of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium which are interspersed with goblet cells (that secret mucus).
What makes up the respiratory epithelium?
The respiratory epithelium is made up of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium which are interspersed with goblet cells (that secret mucus).
What are special about the cells in the oral cavity?
They are more robust as cells will be damaged when eating food here
What is the Nasal septum?
The nasal septum is a midline structure which separates the left and right nasal cavities.
What is the nasal septum made from?
Anteriorly the nasal septum is made of septal cartilage, while posteriorly the septum is made of bone.
What are the names of the boundaries of the nasal cavities?
Nasal conchae - lateral Bone (ethmoid, frontonasal, sphenoid; roof ) Nasal septum - Medial Hard palate - over mouth Soft palate - further back of mouth
What kind of epithelium is found in the roof and adjacent lateral wall of the nasal cavity and what is its function?
The olfactory epithelium is responsible for smell and is restricted to the roof and adjacent lateral wall
What kind of epithelium is found in the roof and adjacent lateral wall of the nasal cavity and what is its function?
The olfactory epithelium is responsible for smell and is restricted to the roof and adjacent lateral wall
What does the lateral wall of the nasal cavity contain?
The lateral wall of the nasal cavity contains 3 nasal conchae (superior, middle and inferior).
What is the role of the conchae?
The conchae are responsible for providing turbulence and increasing the surface area within the nasal cavity to allow for air flow and better heat exchange - which helps to humidify and moisturise the air being taken in.
What is the role of the conchae?
The conchae are responsible for providing turbulence and increasing the surface area within the nasal cavity to allow for air flow and better heat exchange - which helps to humidify and moisturise the air being taken in.
What are the Meati?
The meati are the spaces behind the Conchae, there’s a superior, middle and inferior
What is missing from the inferior meati that appears in the superior and middle?
The inferior meati does not have an escape area for sinuses
What does the middle meati allow?
The middle meati allows for the joining of spaces that lead into the maxillary sinus
Where is the maxillary sinus located and what routes does it have ?
The maxillary sinus sits just underneath the eye orbit.
It has an escape route into the middle and frontal sinuses (which sit behind the eye brows and eye orbital)
What opens up into the meati and what does this allow?
Adjacent air sinuses open up into the meati, communicating between the sinuses and nasal cavity.
How are our neck muscles able to support the weight of our heads?
Our head contains empty spaces which are sinuses which reduce the weight of the skull.
What is responsible for the clearance of mucus within the maxillary sinus?
Cilia