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ESM + SWQ - Semester 1 > Intro to anatomy > Flashcards

Intro to anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

Where does the most variation happen between our different anatomy?

A

Veins

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2
Q

Where does the least variation happen between our different anatomy?

A

Nerves

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3
Q

What technique can demonstrate living anatomy?

A

Endoscopy

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4
Q

What checks must you do on the bodys anatomy?

A 
You will check to see if any anatomy has been or is;
·      Pushed
·      Pulled
·      Added
·      Missing
·      Larger than normal
·      Smaller than normal
·      Abnormal structure
·      Abnormal shape
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5
Q

Vertex

A

topmost point of the cranium

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6
Q

Unilateral

A

only appears on one side, e.g- Spleen

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7
Q

Ulnar deviation

A

adduction at the wrist

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8
Q

Ulnar

A

medial side of forearm

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9
Q

Transverse/horizontal

A

a plane that is a transverse or cross section

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10
Q

Transverse sections

A

cut at right angles to the longitude axis

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11
Q

Tibial

A

medial side of leg

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12
Q

The urinary system

A

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. They filter blood and produce, transport and excrete urine (water waste).

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13
Q

The skeletal system

A

bones and cartilage to give the body shape, protection and support, and is what the muscular system acts on to move.

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14
Q

The respiratory system

A

air passages and lungs that supply oxygen to the blood for cellular respiration and eliminate carbon dioxide. Includes diaphragm and larynx as they control airflow through the system

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15
Q

The reproductive system

A

ovaries that produce oocytes (eggs) and testes that produce sperm.

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16
Q

The nervous system

A

central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system (nerves and ganglia, with sensory and motor endings). Controls and co-ordinates the body’s functions of the organ systems, allowing the body the ability to respond to things like the environment.

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17
Q

The muscular system

A

skeletal muscles that contract to move parts of the body.

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18
Q

The integumentary system

A

The skin and its appendages and subcutaneous tissue just beneath it, (hairs, nails and sweat glands). Sensory organ that forms the body’s protective coating

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19
Q

The endocrine system

A

consists of specialised structures that secrete hormones

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20
Q

The digestive system

A

digestive tract from mouth to anus, including ingestion, mastication (chewing), deglutition (swallowing), digestion and absorption of food and the elimination of waste after nutrients have been absorbed.

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21
Q

The circulatory system

A

cardiovascular and lymphatic systems, which function parallel to transport the body’s fluids

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22
Q

The articular system

A

joints and their associated ligaments, connecting bones in the skeletal system and providing sites at which movements occur

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23
Q

Systematic Anatomy

A

teaches systems by systems, allows integration of other systems as well as Physiology, Pathology, Microbiology and Pharmacology.

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24
Q

Surface Anatomy

A

Implements previous anatomical knowledge to show where anatomy is by drawing on top of skin. Fundamental for clinical examinations. We can determine where anatomy is by feeling superficial structures. The aim is to. Allow us to visualise the anatomy beneath the surface by following contours of the surface.

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25
Q

Supine

A

lying on back facing upwards

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26
Q

Supination

A

rotating radius laterally so palm of hand faces anteriorly, helps you carry soup

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27
Q

superolateral

A

High up, far away from median plane (either NW or NE)

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28
Q

Superior (cephalic)

A

nearer head

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29
Q

Superficial

A

nearer to the surface

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30
Q

sagittal

A

lane that is parallel to the median plane

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31
Q

Rotation

A

Turning or revolving a part of the body across its longitude axis (e.g turning head)

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32
Q

Retrusion

A

posteriorly moving the mandible (chin), lips or tongue

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33
Q

Reposition

A

moving of finger tip of thumb to another fingertip back to anatomical position

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34
Q

Regional Anatomy

A

studying the body’s structure by focusing attention on a specific part/region (e.g. - the head), area (the face), or region (the orbital or eye region). Recognises the body’s organisation by layers; skin, subcutaneous tissue, and deep fascia

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35
Q

Radiological Anatomy

A

Using radiological images to determine anatomy and positions. Used on living individuals to demonstrate the effect of muscle tone, body fluids, pressures and gravity (which cadavers don’t have). It is able to show the effects of trauma, pathology and ageing on normal structures.

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36
Q

Radial deviation

A

abduction at wrist

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37
Q

Radial

A

lateral side of forearm

38
Q

Proximal

A

nearer to the root of the structure

e.g. the shoulder is the proximal part of the upper limb

39
Q

Protrusion

A

anteriorly moving the mandible (chin), lips or tongue

40
Q

Prone

A

lying on abdomen face down

41
Q

Pronation

A

rotates radius medially so that the palm of the hand faces posteriorly

42
Q

Posterior (dorsal)

A

nearer back

43
Q

Plantar flexion

A

pushes the foot down at the ankle

44
Q

Plantar

A

inferior surface of foot

45
Q

Physiology

A

How it works, find out what physiological functions are affected

46
Q

Pharmacology

A

How can we treat it?

47
Q

Pathology/ Microbiology

A

How does it present itself, decide what the disease is

48
Q

Palpation

A

a clinical technique used to determine anatomy (touching)

49
Q

Palmar

A

anterior surface of hand

50
Q

Opposition

A

where fingertip of thumb is brought to another fingertip, used to pinch

51
Q

Oblique sections

A

body parts that are not cut along any of the other planes. Often radiography images are slightly oblique

52
Q

median

A

in the middle: a plane that divides the body into 2 equal halves right and left.

53
Q

Medial and lateral

A

medial is nearer to the median plane and lateral is further from the median plane

54
Q

Lymphatic system

A

a network of lymphatic vessels that withdraws excess tissue fluid from the body’s interstitial fluid compartment before filtering it through the lymph nodes and returning. It to the blood stream.

55
Q

Locomotor system

A

passive skeletal system, articular system and the active muscular system make up a supersystem as they cannot work alone.

56
Q

Ipsilateral

A

on the same side of the body, e.g – right thumb and right toe

57
Q

Inversion

A

turns the foot inwards

58
Q

Internal

A

inside or closer to the centre

59
Q

Intermediate

A

Between superficial and deep structure

60
Q

Inferomedial

A

Low down -nearer feet, close to centre of body (S)

61
Q

Inferior (caudal)

A

nearer feet

62
Q

Inferior

A

structure nearer sole of foot

63
Q

Hyperextension

A

overly extending

64
Q

How does variation usually affect function?

A

It usually has no affect on function

65
Q

Histology

A

microscopic anatomy, decide if tissues are normal or abnormal under microscope

66
Q

frontal/coronal

A

plane that is at right angles to the median plane cutting the body into anterior and posterior parts

67
Q

Flexion

A

folds a joint

68
Q

Fibular

A

lateral side of leg

69
Q

External

A

outside or further from the centre of an organ or cavity

70
Q

Extension

A

straightens a joint

71
Q

Eversion

A

turns foot outwards

72
Q

Elevation

A

raises or moves a part superiorly

73
Q

Dorsum

A

superior surface of foot

74
Q

Dorsum

A

posterior surface of hand

75
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

pulls the foot up at the ankle

76
Q

Distal

A

further from the root of the structure

e.g. the hand is the distal part of the upper limb

77
Q

Depression

A

lowers or moves a part inferiorly, e.g- closing eyelid

78
Q

Deep

A

further from the surface

79
Q

Cross Sectional Anatomy

A

Cross sectional images of anatomy from MRI and CT scans

80
Q

Contralateral

A

Occurring on opposite sides, e.g – right and left hand

81
Q

Congenital anomaly or Birth defect

A

a variation found at birth or soon after due to unusual form or function

82
Q

Circumduction

A

circular movement (e.g thumb or shoulder rotate).

83
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

heart and blood vessels which conduct blood through the body delivering oxygen, nutrients and hormones to cells, and removes waste products.

84
Q

Bilateral

A

paired structures with a right and left, e.g- Kidneys

85
Q

Anterior (ventral)

A

nearer front

86
Q

Anatomy

A

Identify the structure, find out whether the structure is affected or diseased

87
Q

Anatomical position

A
  • this is a consistent position with the body this is a consistent position with the body standing upright, arms hanging down with the palms forward. (these terms will apply when a patient is lying down)
88
Q

Adduction

A

towards the median plane (adding your arm to your side)

89
Q

Abduction

A

away from the median plane

90
Q

Name the numbers 1-10 in regions of the lower limb

A
  1. Gluteal region
  2. Anterior thigh region
  3. Posterior thigh region
  4. Anterior knee region
  5. Posterior knee region
  6. Anterior leg region
  7. Posterior leg region
  8. Anterior talocrural (ankle) region
  9. Posterior talocrural region
  10. Foot region
91
Q

Name the coloured major parts of the body

A 
Head
Neck
Thorax
Back
Abdomen 
Pelvis/perineum
Lower limb
Upper limb

ESM + SWQ - Semester 1 (33 decks)

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