MS System: Joints and muscles Flashcards
What is a joint?
Joints are where two or more bones meet
What is the function of joints?
Joints allow bones to grow and transmit forces (which allows us to move and weight bare)
What does arthro mean ?
joint
What is arthritis?
Inflammation of a joint
What is arthroscopy?
Sticking a camera into a joint
What age group has more joints and why?
Younger people as their bones will fuse together later on in development.
What is synarthroses and give an example of this?
Joints that are fixed together and immovable (e.g suture joints in skull)
What is amphiarthroses and give an example of this?
A joint that allows for a slight bit of movement (e.g vertebrae)
Diarthroses
A joint that is very moveable (e.g knee)
What are the 3 types of fibrous joints and where can they be found ?
1) . Sutures - joints between skull vault bones
2) . Syndesmosis - joints between radioulnar interosseous (between bones in forearm)
3) . Gomphosis - peg and socket joints that hold the teeth into the jaw
What is the proper term for a primary cartilaginous joint, its function, composition and give an example of this?
Synchondrosis - Very strong cartilaginous joint that doesn’t allow any movement. It is composed of bone joined to hyaline cartilage which is joined onto another bone.
e.g - 1st costosternal joint - costa (rib) on one side is connected by Hyaline cartilage to the sternum
What is the proper term for a secondary cartilaginous joint, its function, composition and give an example of this?
Symphysis - Fibrous discs between articular surfaces and allows for limited movement (Amphiarthroses). It is composed of bone joined to hyaline cartilage joined to Fibrocartilage which is joined onto Hyaline cartilage and then back onto another bone.
E.g - Sternum to vertebrae to pelvis (disks)
What kind of movement does synovial joints allow and what features do they contain?
Synovial joints allow for friction-free movements
They contain a fibrous capsule which allows for proprioception.
What is proprioception?
The body’s awareness for its position in space. Feedback from the muscle receptors and joints tells the body where the limbs are without having to visually see them
What do ligaments do?
They restrict movement and protect the joint from damage and dislocation.
What are intrinsic ligaments?
Ligaments that are inside and thicken the joint capsule and prevents dislocation
What are extrinsic ligaments?
Ligaments that are separate from the the joint capsule and prevents dislocation.
What is the medial collateral ligament?
The ligament that prevents the knee from bending medially (inwards) towards the body.
As you grow what happens to the collateral ligament?
It will undergo stress and thicken to become an intrinsic ligament
What is the term for when a ligament has been over stretched?
A sprain
Why is a sprain good?
As it prevents dislocation of the joint