Structure of long bone

Question 1

When drawing a diagram of the external structure of a long bone, what must be labelled? (4)

Answer 1

External structure of a long bone:
Periosteum
Epiphysis (head)
Diaphysis (shaft)
Cartilage

Question 2

What are long bones enclosed by? Give an example of a long bone?

Answer 2

Long bones such as the femur are enclosed by a membrane called the periosteum.

Question 3

What does the periosteum membrane contain?

Answer 3

This membrane contains blood vessels and nerves.

Question 4

What bones are enclosed in a membrane called the periosteum?

Answer 4

long bones such as the femur

Question 5

What is the diaphysis?

Answer 5

The long shaft of a bone is the diaphysis

Question 6

What is the epiphysis?

Answer 6

The head of a bone is called the epiphysis.

Question 7

What is the long shaft of a bone called?

Answer 7

diaphysis

Question 8

What is the head of a bone called?

Answer 8

epiphysis

Question 9

What are the three main regions inside of a bone?

Answer 9

The inside of a bone has three main regions: compact bone, spongy bone and the medullary cavity.

Question 10

compact bone, spongy bone and the medullary cavity are the main three regions of what?

Answer 10

main three regions inside of a bone

Question 11

When drawing a diagram of the internal structure of a long bone, what 3 things must be labelled?

Answer 11

Internal structure of a long bone: diagram-
Spongy bone
Compact bone
Medullary cavity

Question 12

What is compact bone made of?

Answer 12

Compact bone is made of bone-forming cells embedded in a surrounding medium or matrix.

Question 13

What is the matrix that surrounds the bone-forming cells in compact bone?

Answer 13

The matrix is composed of 70% inorganic (non-living) salts such as calcium phosphate and 30% protein (called collagen).

Question 14

How do bone cells get nutrients?

Answer 14

Bone cells are supplied with nutrients by blood vessels. Nerve fibres also run throughout a bone.

Question 15

Where is compact bone found in a bone? (2)

Answer 15

Compact bone is mostly found in the shaft (diaphysis) of a bone.
It is also located as a layer around the end (epiphysis) of a bone.

Question 16

What gives compact bones its strength?

Answer 16

The calcium salts give compact bone its strength

Question 17

What gives compact bone its flexibility?

Answer 17

protein gives bone its flexibility.

Question 18

How does spongy bone differ from compact bone simply?

Answer 18

Spongy bone is like compact bone that contains numerous hollows (similar to Aero chocolate).

Question 19

What does spongy bone consist of?

Answer 19

Spongy bone consists of a network of thin, bony bars separated by different-sized spaces.

Question 20

What are the spaces in spongy bone filled with? What does this produce?

Answer 20

The spaces in spongy bone are filled with red bone marrow, which produces blood cells.

Question 21

Where is spongy bone found in a bone?

Answer 21

Spongy bone is found mostly in the ends (epiphyses) of bones.

Question 22

What are the 2 functions of spongy bone?

Answer 22

Spongy bones makes blood cells and also gives strength and rigidity to the skeleton.

Question 23

What are the functions of compact bone?

Answer 23

It is strong and flexible.

The calcium salts give compact bone its strength and protein gives bone its flexibility.

Question 24

What does the medullary cavity contain?

Answer 24

The medullary cavity contains bone marrow.

Question 25

Describe bone marrow in young people

Answer 25

In young people, bone marrow is full of active, red marrow.

Question 26

What does red marrow make?

Answer 26

Red marrow makes blood components.

Question 27

In adults, where is red marrow found?

Answer 27

In adults, active marrow is confined to the spongy bone.

Question 28

Describe the bone marrow in the medullary cavity in adults

Answer 28

The medullary cavity of adults contains inactive, yellow, fat-rich marrow.

Question 29

What can the inactive, yellow, fat-rich marrow found in the medullary cavity of adults do?

Answer 29

This marrow can convert to red marrow if the body requires increased blood cell formation.