Structure of long bone Flashcards
When drawing a diagram of the external structure of a long bone, what must be labelled? (4)
External structure of a long bone:
Periosteum
Epiphysis (head)
Diaphysis (shaft)
Cartilage
What are long bones enclosed by? Give an example of a long bone?
Long bones such as the femur are enclosed by a membrane called the periosteum.
What does the periosteum membrane contain?
This membrane contains blood vessels and nerves.
What bones are enclosed in a membrane called the periosteum?
long bones such as the femur
What is the diaphysis?
The long shaft of a bone is the diaphysis
What is the epiphysis?
The head of a bone is called the epiphysis.
What is the long shaft of a bone called?
diaphysis
What is the head of a bone called?
epiphysis
What are the three main regions inside of a bone?
The inside of a bone has three main regions: compact bone, spongy bone and the medullary cavity.
compact bone, spongy bone and the medullary cavity are the main three regions of what?
main three regions inside of a bone
When drawing a diagram of the internal structure of a long bone, what 3 things must be labelled?
Internal structure of a long bone: diagram-
Spongy bone
Compact bone
Medullary cavity
What is compact bone made of?
Compact bone is made of bone-forming cells embedded in a surrounding medium or matrix.
What is the matrix that surrounds the bone-forming cells in compact bone?
The matrix is composed of 70% inorganic (non-living) salts such as calcium phosphate and 30% protein (called collagen).
How do bone cells get nutrients?
Bone cells are supplied with nutrients by blood vessels. Nerve fibres also run throughout a bone.
Where is compact bone found in a bone? (2)
Compact bone is mostly found in the shaft (diaphysis) of a bone.
It is also located as a layer around the end (epiphysis) of a bone.
What gives compact bones its strength?
The calcium salts give compact bone its strength
What gives compact bone its flexibility?
protein gives bone its flexibility.
How does spongy bone differ from compact bone simply?
Spongy bone is like compact bone that contains numerous hollows (similar to Aero chocolate).
What does spongy bone consist of?
Spongy bone consists of a network of thin, bony bars separated by different-sized spaces.
What are the spaces in spongy bone filled with? What does this produce?
The spaces in spongy bone are filled with red bone marrow, which produces blood cells.
Where is spongy bone found in a bone?
Spongy bone is found mostly in the ends (epiphyses) of bones.
What are the 2 functions of spongy bone?
Spongy bones makes blood cells and also gives strength and rigidity to the skeleton.
What are the functions of compact bone?
It is strong and flexible.
The calcium salts give compact bone its strength and protein gives bone its flexibility.
What does the medullary cavity contain?
The medullary cavity contains bone marrow.
Describe bone marrow in young people
In young people, bone marrow is full of active, red marrow.
What does red marrow make?
Red marrow makes blood components.
In adults, where is red marrow found?
In adults, active marrow is confined to the spongy bone.
Describe the bone marrow in the medullary cavity in adults
The medullary cavity of adults contains inactive, yellow, fat-rich marrow.
What can the inactive, yellow, fat-rich marrow found in the medullary cavity of adults do?
This marrow can convert to red marrow if the body requires increased blood cell formation.
