Parts of the axial skeleton Flashcards
How many bones does an adult human skeleton have?
206 bones
How are the bones divided up in the body?
divided into the axial and the appendicular skeletons
Define the axial skeleton/name the bones in this
The axial skeleton consists of the skull, spine, ribs and sternum (breastbone)
What is another name for the breastbone?
sternum
What is the sternum?
the breastbone
What is another name for the skull?
the cranium
How many bones does the cranium consist of?
20 bones fused together
How are the bones of the cranium joined together?
they are fused together
How many bones make up the spine?
33 bones called vertebrae
How are the vertebrae of the spine arranged together?
They are arranged in five regions:
cervical (neck) = 7
Thoracic (chest) = 12
Lumbar (back) = 5
Scarum (hip) = 5
Coccyx (tail) = 4
What is another name for the neck region of the spine?
the cervical
What is another name for the chest region of the spine?
thoracic
What is another name for the back region of the spine?
lumbar
What is another name for the hip region of the spine?
sacrum
What is another name for the tail of the spine?
coccyx
How are the first 24 vertebrae held together? Can they move or not?
by ligaments and can move slightly relative to one another
What are vertebrae separated by?
by intervertebral discs of cartilage
Describe the properties of the intervertebral discs of cartilage between the vertebrae
These discs have a hard outer layer and a soft, jelly-like centre.
What do the discs between vertebrae act as?
They act as shock absorbers and protect the vertebrae
learn how to draw the TS of a typical vertebra: label the following…
Neural spine (for muscular attachment)
Transverse canal (contains the spinal cord)
centrum (gives strength)
Facet (where next vertebra rotates against)
Do vertebrae all have the same shape?
No, depending on where they are located in the spine
What does the rib cage consist of?
12 pairs or ribs and the sternum (breastbone)
What are true ribs?
The top seven ribs attached to the breastbone at the front of the body
What are false ribs?
The next three pairs (after the true 7 ribs) attached to each other at the front of the chest by cartilage
What are the bottom 2 ribs called?
floating ribs
What are floating ribs?
The two bottom ribs that are only attached to the spine (don’t attach to anyht==thing at the front of the body)
