Joints

Question 1

Define a joint

Answer 1

A joint is where two or more bones meet

Question 2

How are joints classified?

Answer 2

joints may be classified according to the degree of movement they allow

Question 3

Give examples of immovable joints

Answer 3

Immovable (fixed or fused) joints include the skull and pelvic girdle.

Question 4

What is a suture?

Answer 4

The junction between used bones is called a suture.

Question 5

What is the junction between used bones called?

Answer 5

The junction between used bones is called a suture.

Question 6

What do sutures provide? (3)

Answer 6

These joints provide strength, support and protection.

Question 7

What type of joints do the following have?
joints between the vertebrae in the upper spinal column

Answer 7

The joints between the vertebrae in the upper spinal column are slightly movable

Question 8

The joints between the vertebrae in the upper spinal column are slightly movable.
In these joints what are the bones separated and held by?

Answer 8

In these joints the bones are separated by a disc of cartilage and the bones are held in place by ligaments.

Question 9

What protects the nerves of the spinal cord?

Answer 9

These ligaments limit the amount of movement possible in order to protect the nerves of the spinal cord.

Question 10

The ligaments that hold the bone of the upper spinal cord in place limit what?

Answer 10

These ligaments limit the amount of movement possible in order to protect the nerves of the spinal cord.

Question 11

Define synovial fluid

Answer 11

Synovial fluid is produced in moveable joints to lubricate and reduce friction

Question 12

Describe the bones in synovial joints (4)

Answer 12

In synovial joints, the ends of the bones are covered with cartilage.

The bones are separated by a cavity.

The bones are held in place by ligaments, which prevent excessive movement of bones at joints

These joints are enclosed in a synovial membrane.

Question 13

How are the bones in synovial joints held in place? Why’re they held in place?

Answer 13

The bones are held in place by ligaments, which prevent excessive movement of bones at joints

Question 14

What is in between the bones in a synovial joints?

Answer 14

a cavity

Question 15

In synovial joints, what are the ends of the bones covered with?

Answer 15

In synovial joints, the ends of the bones are covered with cartilage.

Question 16

In synovial joints, what are the bones enclosed by?

Answer 16

A synovial membrane

Question 17

In synovial joints, the bones are enclosed by a synovial membrane. What does this membrane do? Describe this further

Answer 17

The membrane secretes synovial fluid, a clear sticky liquid resembling egg white. This fluid lubricates the joint and reduces friction in the joint.

Question 18

What is the purpose of synovial fluid?

Answer 18

This fluid lubricates the joint and reduces friction in the joint.

Question 19

Describe synovial fluid

Answer 19

a clear sticky liquid resembling egg white

Question 20

Give 2 examples of synovial joints

Answer 20

Examples of synovial joints include ball-and-socket joints and hinge joints,

Question 21

What type of movement do ball and socket joints allow for and what weight can they hold?

Answer 21

Ball-and-socket joints (e.g. the shoulder and hip) allow movement in all directions. They are unable to support heavy loads.

Question 22

What type of movement do hinge joints allow for and what weight can they hold?

Answer 22

Hinge joints (e.g. the elbow and knee) allow movement in one direction only. They can support heavy loads.