Joints Flashcards
Define a joint
A joint is where two or more bones meet
How are joints classified?
joints may be classified according to the degree of movement they allow
Give examples of immovable joints
Immovable (fixed or fused) joints include the skull and pelvic girdle.
What is a suture?
The junction between used bones is called a suture.
What is the junction between used bones called?
The junction between used bones is called a suture.
What do sutures provide? (3)
These joints provide strength, support and protection.
What type of joints do the following have?
joints between the vertebrae in the upper spinal column
The joints between the vertebrae in the upper spinal column are slightly movable
The joints between the vertebrae in the upper spinal column are slightly movable.
In these joints what are the bones separated and held by?
In these joints the bones are separated by a disc of cartilage and the bones are held in place by ligaments.
What protects the nerves of the spinal cord?
These ligaments limit the amount of movement possible in order to protect the nerves of the spinal cord.
The ligaments that hold the bone of the upper spinal cord in place limit what?
These ligaments limit the amount of movement possible in order to protect the nerves of the spinal cord.
Define synovial fluid
Synovial fluid is produced in moveable joints to lubricate and reduce friction
Describe the bones in synovial joints (4)
In synovial joints, the ends of the bones are covered with cartilage.
The bones are separated by a cavity.
The bones are held in place by ligaments, which prevent excessive movement of bones at joints
These joints are enclosed in a synovial membrane.
How are the bones in synovial joints held in place? Why’re they held in place?
The bones are held in place by ligaments, which prevent excessive movement of bones at joints
What is in between the bones in a synovial joints?
a cavity
In synovial joints, what are the ends of the bones covered with?
In synovial joints, the ends of the bones are covered with cartilage.
In synovial joints, what are the bones enclosed by?
A synovial membrane
In synovial joints, the bones are enclosed by a synovial membrane. What does this membrane do? Describe this further
The membrane secretes synovial fluid, a clear sticky liquid resembling egg white. This fluid lubricates the joint and reduces friction in the joint.
What is the purpose of synovial fluid?
This fluid lubricates the joint and reduces friction in the joint.
Describe synovial fluid
a clear sticky liquid resembling egg white
Give 2 examples of synovial joints
Examples of synovial joints include ball-and-socket joints and hinge joints,
What type of movement do ball and socket joints allow for and what weight can they hold?
Ball-and-socket joints (e.g. the shoulder and hip) allow movement in all directions. They are unable to support heavy loads.
What type of movement do hinge joints allow for and what weight can they hold?
Hinge joints (e.g. the elbow and knee) allow movement in one direction only. They can support heavy loads.