Structure Of Flowering Plants

Question 1

Meristem

Answer 1

An area in a plant of active cell division (mitosis)

Question 2

Apical Meristem

Answer 2

Found at the tip of the shoot and the tip of the root and give increase in length

Question 3

Lateral Meristem

Answer 3

Found around the edges of some plants and give an increase in width

Question 4

Root functions

Answer 4

• Anchor plant into soil
• Absorb water
• Absorb minerals
• Transport minerals up the shoot
• Store food (e.g carrots)

Question 5

Tap root

Answer 5

One main root growing from the radicle (baby root that comes out of seed first)

Question 6

Fibrous Root

Answer 6

When radicles die away leaving many equal sized roots e.g grass or daffodil

Question 7

Adventitious root

Answer 7

Roots that do not arise from radicle e.g roots at base of onion

Question 8

Protection zone

Answer 8

A root cap that protects the cells as root pushes through soil

Question 9

Meristematic zone

Answer 9

Here new cells are produced by mitosis divisions causing the root to grow downwards

Question 10

Elongation zone

Answer 10

Here cells increase in size and length

Question 11

Differiatation zone

Answer 11

Here cells develop into 3 different types of tissue
1. Dermal tissue
2. Ground tissue
3. Vascular tissue

Question 12

Stem functions

Answer 12

• Support the aerial parts of a plant
• Transport water and minerals from the roots up to leaves
• Transports food from leaves to the roots
• Can sometimes store food

Question 13

Parallel venation

Answer 13

Veins run alongside each other e.g.grass, daffodils

Question 14

Net (reticulate) venation

Answer 14

Veins form a branching network
E.g rose, buttercup

Question 15

Function of leaves

Answer 15

• Photosynthesis
• Gas Exchange
• Transportation
• Stores food

Question 16

Dermal tissue

Answer 16

Forms the covering layer of a plant. Protects a plant

Question 17

Ground tissue

Answer 17

Occupies the area between Dermal tissue and vascular tissue. Makes up the bulk of young plants.
- Storage of food wastes, gives strength and support

Question 18

Vascular tissue

Answer 18

Xylem and phloem

Question 19

Xylem

Answer 19

Made up of two main cells. Vessels and tracheids. The living contents of both die on maturity. Xylem regarded as dead tissue

Question 20

Xylem function

Answer 20

Transports water and minerals up a plant

Question 21

Xylem Tracheids

Answer 21

Long cells tapered at both ends. Allow water and minerals to move sideways from cell to cell. Walls thickened with lignin for support

Question 22

Xylem vessels

Answer 22

Elongated cells, spiral lignin for strength. No ends. Walls form a continuous tube. Pits allow sideways movement of h20

Question 23

Phloem

Answer 23

Mainly composed of sieve tubes and companion cells. Due to companion cells, phloem is regarded as living tissue

Question 24

Phloem function

Answer 24

Transports food

Question 25

Phloem apperance

Answer 25

1. Sieve tube cells
2. Companion cells

Question 26

Phloem location

Answer 26

Root Centre. Stem - bundles