Enzymes

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

Sum of all chemical reactions in living organisms

Question 2

Catabolic Reactions

Answer 2

Breaking big molecules into smaller ones making energy. E.g Respiration

Question 3

Anabolic Reactions

Answer 3

Involves making bigger molecules out of smaller ones. Uses energy. E.g Photosynthesis

Question 4

Sources of energy

Answer 4

• Solar Energy
• Cellular Energy (reactions in cells)
• Catalyst
• Enzymes (Biological catalysts made of protein)

Question 5

Substrate

Answer 5

The substance the enzyme acts on

Question 6

Product(s)

Answer 6

The substances formed by the enzyme

Question 7

Example of a catabolic reaction

Answer 7

DNA Polymenese (forms and repairs DNA)

Question 8

Example of anabolic reaction

Answer 8

When enzymes and their substrate meet and come together

Question 9

Enzyme substrate complex

Answer 9

Attach to enzymes to disrupt/destroy
- When this happens enzymes are denatured

Question 10

Inhibitor

Answer 10

Replaces substrate

Question 11

Bad inhibitor

Answer 11

Cyanide, denatures enzyme for respiration

Question 12

Good inhibitor

Answer 12

Insecticides

Question 13

Factors that effect enzymes (activity)

Answer 13

1. Temperature
2. pH
3. Substrate Concentration
4. Enzyme Concentration

Question 14

Denatured Enzyme

Answer 14

Lost it’s shape and therefore it’s function

Question 15

Temperature graph shape

Answer 15

Gradual until peak, then a steep decline as temp rises

Question 16

Immobilised Enzyme

Answer 16

Enzymes that are attached or fixed to each other or to an inert material

Question 17

Physical method of immobilisation
- Biotechnology

Answer 17

Use of enzyme controlled reactions to create product
Bio processing - any industry needing biology

Question 18

Physical method of immobilisation
- Adsorption

Answer 18

Where enzymes are physically attached to inactive supports such as glass beads

Question 19

Physical method of immobilisation
- Enclosed by a membrane

Answer 19

When enzymes are kept within a membrane

Question 20

Physical method of immobilisation
- Trapped in gel

Answer 20

Sodium alginate is commonly used to allow substrates and products out

Question 21

Chemical method of immobilisation
- Bonded to a support

Answer 21

Enzymes chemically bonded to a support such as glass beads or ceramics

Question 22

Chemical method of immobilisation
- Bonded to eachother

Answer 22

Enzymes are chemically bonded to each other

Question 23

Advantages of an immobilised enzyme

Answer 23

• Efficiency isn’t affected
• Easily recovered from the product to allow you to have a pure sample
• Reusable (Cost effective)
• More stable after immobilisation

Question 24

Uses and examples of immobilised enzymes

Answer 24

• Glucose isomerase converts glucose to fructose which is used to sweeten drinks
• Lactase can convert lactose sugar into sweeter sugar like glucose and can be used for lactose free milk