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Biology 👁️👄👁️ > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Autotroph

A

Makes it’s own food

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2
Q

Heterotroph

A

Has to consume other organism

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3
Q

Digestion

A

The physical & chemical breakdown of food into soluble particles small enough to pass through cells

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4
Q

Need for digestive system

A

Food can be digested in a single location
Individual cells do not have to contain full range of digestive enzymes

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5
Q

Ingestion

A

Food is taken into the alimentary canal

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6
Q

Digestion

A

Food is broken down into smaller soluble pieces

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7
Q

Absorption (Assimilation)

A

Movement of digested food from the alimentary canal into the blood system and cells

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8
Q

Egestion

A

Removal of unabsorbed waste

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9
Q

Define each
Incisors
Canines
Premolars
Molars

A
  • Cutting and biting
  • Ripping and Tearing
  • Crushing and grinding
  • Crushing and grinding
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10
Q

Human Dental Formula

A

3[i²/2c¹/1pm²/2m³/3]

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11
Q

Functions of gastric juice 1. mucus

A

Lines and protects the stomach wall

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12
Q

HCL (Gastric Juice)

A

Kills bacteria, activates pepsinogen

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13
Q

Pepsinogen (gastric juice)

A

Converted to the active enzyme pepsin by HCL. Then digests protein into peptides

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14
Q

Cardiac Sphincter

A

Contracts to close entry from the oesophagus to stomach

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15
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

Circular muscle which contracts to close the entry to duodenum from the stomach

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16
Q

Small intestine parts

A

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

17
Q

Duodenum function

A

Most digestion happens here, place in the duodenum

18
Q

Jejunum and ileum functions

A

Absorbs nutrients

19
Q

Adaptions for absorption

A

Long tube (gives time for absorption)
Villi (and microvilli)
Infoldings which increase the s.area available for the absorption of food

20
Q

Large intestine function

A

Reabsorb water
Produce B group vitamins
Digest cellulose
Prevent growth of harmful bacteria

21
Q

Bile function

A

Emulsifies fat
Neutralises acidic chyme from stomach

22
Q

Pancreatic juice function

A

Neutralises chyme, and creates enzymes such as amylase and lipase which chemically break down food

23
Q

Role of fibre

A

(foods high in cellulose) stimulates peristalsis in colon and prevents constipation

Biology 👁️👄👁️ (11 decks)

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