Nutrition

Question 1

Autotroph

Answer 1

Makes it’s own food

Question 2

Heterotroph

Answer 2

Has to consume other organism

Question 3

Digestion

Answer 3

The physical & chemical breakdown of food into soluble particles small enough to pass through cells

Question 4

Need for digestive system

Answer 4

Food can be digested in a single location
Individual cells do not have to contain full range of digestive enzymes

Question 5

Ingestion

Answer 5

Food is taken into the alimentary canal

Question 6

Digestion

Answer 6

Food is broken down into smaller soluble pieces

Question 7

Absorption (Assimilation)

Answer 7

Movement of digested food from the alimentary canal into the blood system and cells

Question 8

Egestion

Answer 8

Removal of unabsorbed waste

Question 9

Define each
Incisors
Canines
Premolars
Molars

Answer 9

• Cutting and biting
• Ripping and Tearing
• Crushing and grinding
• Crushing and grinding

Question 10

Human Dental Formula

Answer 10

3[i²/2c¹/1pm²/2m³/3]

Question 11

Functions of gastric juice 1. mucus

Answer 11

Lines and protects the stomach wall

Question 12

HCL (Gastric Juice)

Answer 12

Kills bacteria, activates pepsinogen

Question 13

Pepsinogen (gastric juice)

Answer 13

Converted to the active enzyme pepsin by HCL. Then digests protein into peptides

Question 14

Cardiac Sphincter

Answer 14

Contracts to close entry from the oesophagus to stomach

Question 15

Pyloric sphincter

Answer 15

Circular muscle which contracts to close the entry to duodenum from the stomach

Question 16

Small intestine parts

Answer 16

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 17

Duodenum function

Answer 17

Most digestion happens here, place in the duodenum

Question 18

Jejunum and ileum functions

Answer 18

Absorbs nutrients

Question 19

Adaptions for absorption

Answer 19

Long tube (gives time for absorption)
Villi (and microvilli)
Infoldings which increase the s.area available for the absorption of food

Question 20

Large intestine function

Answer 20

Reabsorb water
Produce B group vitamins
Digest cellulose
Prevent growth of harmful bacteria

Question 21

Bile function

Answer 21

Emulsifies fat
Neutralises acidic chyme from stomach

Question 22

Pancreatic juice function

Answer 22

Neutralises chyme, and creates enzymes such as amylase and lipase which chemically break down food

Question 23

Role of fibre

Answer 23

(foods high in cellulose) stimulates peristalsis in colon and prevents constipation