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Biology Unit 2 > Structure Of Eukaryotic Cells > Flashcards

Structure Of Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of cells have chloroplasts?

A

Plant cells

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2
Q

What type of cell has a large permanent vacuole?

A

Plant cells

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3
Q

Which type of cell has a cell wall made of cellulose?

A

Plant cell wall

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4
Q

What type of cell has a peptidoglycan cell wall?

A

Prokaryotic

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5
Q

What cells have linear chromosomes?

A

Animal and plant

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6
Q

What type of cell has a circular chromosome?

A

Prokaryotic cells

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7
Q

What type of cell contains plasmids?

A

Prokaryotic

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8
Q

Which cells have an endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Plant and animal cells.

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9
Q

What type of cells have a Golgi apparatus?

A

Plant and animal cells.

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10
Q

What type of cell has its DNA free in its cytoplasm?

A

Prokaryotic

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11
Q

What type of cells have DNA in the nucleus?

A

Animal and plant

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12
Q

In what type of cell is ATP produced in the mitochondria?

A

Animal and plant cells.

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13
Q

What type of cells can have a flagellum?

A

Animal and prokaryotic cells.

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14
Q

What type of cells have a cell membrane?

A

Animal, plant and prokaryotic cells.

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15
Q

What is the relative ribosome size in a plant cell?

A

Large

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16
Q

What is the relative ribosome size in an animal cell?

A

Large

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17
Q

What is the relative ribosome size in prokaryotic cells?

A

Small

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18
Q

What is the role of the nucleus?

A

It provides the genetic code for the production of neurotransmitter substances.

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19
Q

Where is the nucleolus located?

A

Inside the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.

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20
Q

What does the nucleolus do?

A

It makes ribosomal subunits from protein and rRNA.

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21
Q

What does the nucleolus provide?

A

This provides the genetic code for the production of neurotransmitter substances.

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22
Q

Where is the nucleolus located?

A

This sits inside the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.

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23
Q

What does the nucleolus do?

A

This makes ribosomal subunits from protein and rRNA.

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24
Q

What do chroma tins consist of?

A

Protein, RNA and DNA

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25
Q

What is a chromatin?

A

This is the material of which chromosomes are made but not in bacteria.

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26
Q

What do nuclear pores allow?

A

They allow the entry and exit of substances into the nucleus.

27
Q

How do large molecules pass through the nuclear pores?

A

By active transport.

28
Q

How do small molecules pass through the nuclear pores?

A

Small molecules pass through by diffusion.

29
Q

What is the nuclear envelope visible as?

A

It is visible as chromatin granules.

30
Q

What is the job of the nuclear envelope?

A

It encloses and protects the DNA.

31
Q

What does the Golgi complex do?

A

This sorts and distributes molecules.

It modifies molecules and adds sugars onto proteins and lipids.

32
Q

What does glycosylation form?

A

This forms glycoproteins and glycolipids.

33
Q

Where are centrioles located?

A

Near the nucleolus.

34
Q

Can centrioles be seen during cell division?

A

No they cannot be seen during cell division.

35
Q

What does centrioles do?

A

They work in pairs to help the cell in meiosis and mitosis.

36
Q

What do free ribosomes produce protein for?

A

They produce protein for the cell.

37
Q

Where are free ribosomes located?

A

Free ribosomes are located in the cytoplasm.

38
Q

What do you bound ribosomes produce protein for?

A

Bound ribosomes produce proteins are transported out of the cell.

39
Q

Where are bound ribosomes located?

A

They are attached the endoplasmic reticulum.

40
Q

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

This is a system of hollow tubes and sacks that allow the transport of substances within the cell.

41
Q

What does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum lack?

A

This lacks ribosomes.

42
Q

What is a smooth endoplasmic reticulum the site of?

A

It is the site of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.

43
Q

What does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum do?

A

It modifies some substances like steroid hormones and is involved in lipid and drug metabolism.

44
Q

What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum covered in?

A

It is covered in ribosomes.

45
Q

What do you ribosomes do?

A

They synthesise proteins which are then transported through the cell in the cavities of the endoplasmic reticulum.

46
Q

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

A

The plasma membrane lets substances move in and out of the cell.

47
Q

What are microtubules?

A

Microtubules are thick protein tubes.

48
Q

What is present in the cytoplasm to speed up reactions?

A

Enzymes are present in the cytoplasm to speed up reactions.

49
Q

What is the cytoplasm?

A

This is where chemical reactions take place.

50
Q

What contains lysozyme enzymes?

A

Vesicles contain lysozyme enzymes.

51
Q

What do lysozymes do?

A

These enzymes break down organelles, storage molecules and the whole dead cell when released.

52
Q

What is a lysosome?

A

This is a vesicle containing lysozyme enzymes.

53
Q

What is around the mitochondrion?

A

A double membrane that controls the entry and exit of material. The inner of the two membranes is folded to form extensions known as cristae.

54
Q

What is the function of the chloroplast envelope in the chloroplast?

A

The chloroplast envelope is a double plasma membrane that surrounds the organelle. It is highly selective in what it allowed to enter and leave the chloroplast.

55
Q

Where are grana located?

A

In the chloroplast.

56
Q

What are grana?

A

These are stacks of up to 100 disc-like structures called thylakoids.

57
Q

What is contained within the thylakoids?

A

Within the thylakoids is the photosynthetic pigment called chlorophyll.

58
Q

What do some thylakoids have?

A

Some thylakoids have tubular extensions that join up with thylakoids in adjacent grana.

59
Q

Where does the first stage of photosynthesis take place?

A

The first stage of photosynthesis takes place in the grana.

60
Q

What is the first stage of photosynthesis?

A

It is light absorption.

61
Q

What is the stroma?

A

This is a fluid filled matrix where the second stage of photosynthesis takes place. Within the stroma a number of other structures such as starch grains.

62
Q

What is the second stage of photosynthesis?

A

This is the synthesis of sugars.

63
Q

Have a chloroplasts adapted to obtaining the maximum of sunlight?

A

The Grannell membranes provide a large surface area for the attachment of chlorophyll, electron carriers and enzymes that carry out the first stage of photosynthesis. These chemicals are attached to the membrane in a highly ordered fashion.
The fluid of the stromuhr has all the enzymes needed to make sugars in the next stage of photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts contain both DNA and ribosomes so they can quickly manufacture proteins for photosynthesis.

64
Q

Do chloroplasts have a double membrane?

A

Yes they have an inner membrane and an outer membrane.

Biology Unit 2 (14 decks)

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