Prokaryotic Cells And Viruses Flashcards
What are eukaryotic cells?
These are larger cells that have a nucleus bounded by nuclear membranes.
What is a prokaryotic cell?
This is a small cell that has no nucleus or nuclear envelope.
What are three features of bacteria that allows them to occur in every habitat in the world?
They are versatile, adaptable and very successful.
Why are they so successful?
This is because they have a small size ranging from 0.1 to 10 micro metres in length.
What is the bacterial cell wall made of?
Murein
What is murein a polymer of?
This is a polymer of polysaccharides and peptides.
How do many bacteria further protect themselves?
They secrete a capsule of mucilaginous slime around this wall.
What is inside the bacterial cell wall?
The cell-surface membrane.
What is inside the cell-surface membrane of a bacterial cell?
Within this is the cytoplasm that contains 70 S ribosomes which are smaller than those in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells but nevertheless still synthesise proteins.
What do bacteria store food reserves as?
They store it as glycogen granules and oil droplets.
What is the genetic material in bacteria in the form of?
It is in the form of a circular strand of DNA and separate from this are small circular pieces of DNA which are known as plasmids.
What part of the bacterial cell can reproduce itself?
Plasmids
What are plasmids used extensively as vectors in?
Genetic engineering
Do prokaryotic cells have membrane bounded organelles?
No they don’t.
Do prokaryotic cells have a nucleus?
They have no true nucleus, they only have an area where DNA is found.
