Cell Specialisation And Organisation Flashcards
Why do all cells of multicellular organism is perform certain basic functions?
To stay alive.
How to cells gain their function?
They do this by a process called to specialisation which allows the cell to perform a particular role. Each specialised cell has evolved more or fewer of certain organelles and structures to suit the role it carries out.
What are the group of cells in an embryo originally like?
Initially all the cells in the embryo identical.
What happens as the embryo matures?
Is it matures, each cell takes its own individual characteristics that suit it to the function it will perform when it’s mature.
What are all cells in the organism produced by after the egg is been fertilised?
Mitotic division.
What do all cells contain?
The exact same genes.
How does the cell become specialised?
Whilst all genes are present in the cell, only some are expressed and others are turned off which means that the cell becomes specialised for one specific function.
What two things vary from cell to cell?
The shape of the cell varies and also the number of each of the organelles.
What does the muscle cell have lots of?
Mitochondria.
What do muscles not have very many of?
Lysosomes.
Why does the whole organism function efficiently?
The cells are adapted to their own particular function and perform it more effectively.
What are tissues?
These are a collection of similar cells that perform a specific function.
What is the purpose of tissues?
The purpose of tissues is for working efficiency.
List two types of tissues you need today for AS-level.
Epithelial tissues
Xylem
How are cells laid out in the epithelial tissue?
They are laid out in sheets.
What does the epithelial tissue line?
The surfaces of organs.
What are the two functions of epithelial tissues?
They have a protective or secretory function.
Two or false: there are many similar types of epithelial tissue.
This, is true similar types of epithelial tissue include those made up of thin, flat cells that line organs where diffusion takes place.
Give an example of a cell where diffusion takes place?
The alveoli.
What are the cilia used for?
They are used to move mucus over the epithelial tissue.
Where is xylem tissue found?
Xylem tissue is found in plants.
What is the purpose of xylem tissue?
Purpose of xylem tissue is to transport water and mineral irons throughout the plant and also give mechanical support.
What is an organ?
This is a combination of tissues that are coordinated to perform a variety of functions, although they often have one predominant major function.
What is the function of the stomach organ in animals?
The function of the stomach is to die jest certain types of food and is made of the three types of tissue.
What are the three types of stomach tissue and what are their functions?
Muscle tissue chains and mixes up the stomach contents
Epithelium tissue protect the stomach wall and produces secretions
Connective tissue holds together the other tissues
True or false: a leaf is an organ in a plant cell.
This is true.
What five tissues are leaves made of?
Palisade mesophyll Spongy mesophyll Epidermis Phloem Xylem
What is the purpose of the palisade mesophyll?
This is made up of leaf palisade cells that carry out photosynthesis.
What is the purpose of the spongy mesophyll tissue?
This is adopted for gaseous diffusion.
What is the role of the epidermis tissue in the leaf?
This protects the lease and allows gaseous diffusion.
What is the function of the phloem?
This transports organic molecules away from the leaf.
What is the function of the xylem tissue?
This transports water and ions into the leaf
True or false: blood capillaries are organs.
This is false blood capillaries are not organs but veins and arteries are.
What is an organ system?
This is where organs work together as a single unit to perform a particular function more efficiently.
Name three organ systems.
Digestive system;
Respiratory system;
Circulatory system
What does the digestive system do?
This digests and processes food.
What organs is the digestive system made of?
Salivary gland Oesophagus Stomach Duodenum Ileum Pancreas Liver
What is the function of the respiratory system?
This is used for breathing and gas exchange.
What organs is the respiratory system made up of?
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs
What does the circulatory system do?
This pumps and circulates blood.
What organs are involved in the circulatory system?
The heart
Arteries
Veins
