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A&P1 > Structure Of Bone > Flashcards

Structure Of Bone Flashcards

0
Q

What is trabecular bone?

A

Spongy bone : honeycomb of needle-like or flat pieces called trabeculae.

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1
Q

Two types of bone texture?

A

Compact and spongy

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2
Q

The dense, external layer of bone.

Which looks smooth and solid to the naked eye.

A

What is Compact bone ?

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3
Q

Shaft which forms the long axis of the bone.

A

What is Diaphysis ?

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4
Q

Internal layer of bone.

With honeycomb of small needle-like or flat pieces

A

What is Spongy bone?

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5
Q

What is the structure of short, irregular and flat bones?

A

Thin plates of spongy bone covered by compact bone.

Spongy plates are covered inside and outside by CT membranes (periosteum and endostrum).

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5
Q

What is the structure of long bones?

A

A shaft (diaphysis), bone ends (proximal and distal epiphysis), and membranes (periosteum)

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7
Q

Structure of diaphysis?

A

A relatively thick collar of compact bone that surrounds a central medullary cavity

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8
Q

Marrow cavity

A

What is another name for Medullary cavity?

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9
Q

What is Yellow marrow cavity?

A

Medullary cavity in adults which contains yellow marrow

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10
Q

Bone ends. Broader than the diaphysis.

A

What is Epiphysis?

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11
Q

Structure of epiphyses?

A

An outer shell of compact bone forms exterior.
Interior consists of spongy bone.
A thin layer of articular cartilage covers the joint surface of each epiphysis

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12
Q

Between the diaphysis and each epiphysis of an adult long bone.

A

What is the Epiphyseal line?

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13
Q

What is the metaphysis?

A

Flared portion of bone where diaphysis and epiphysis meet.

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14
Q

White, double-layer membrane.

Covers external surface of entire bone except joint surfaces.

A

What is the Periosteum?

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15
Q

Two layers of periosteum?

A

Outer fibrous layer

Inner osteogenic layer

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16
Q

What is a diploë?

A

The name of spongy bone found in flat bones

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17
Q

What does the osteogenic layer consist of?

A

Primarily of Stem cells/osteogenic cells

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18
Q

A disc of hyaline cartilage that grows during childhood to lengthen the bone

A

What is the Epiphyseal plate?

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19
Q

What is the nutrient foramina?

A

Openings through which nutrients pass from periosteum to narrow cavity

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20
Q

Tufts of collagen fibers that extend from its fibrous layer into the bone matrix
Secures periosteum to the underlying bone

A

What are Sharpey’s (perforating) fibers?

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21
Q

What is the endosteum?

A

A delicate connective tissue membrane which covers internal bone surfaces

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22
Q

What type of tissue does the fibrous layer of periosteum consist of?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

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23
Q

Another name for Hematopoietic tissue

A

What is Red marrow?

24
Q

Where is red marrow / hematopoietic tissue found?

A

Within the trabecular cavities of spongy bone of long bones and in diploë of flat bones.

25
Q

What is the function of bone markings?

A

Serve as sites of muscle, ligament, tendon attachment

Also joint surfaces or as conduits or blood vessels and nerves

26
Q

“Within the bone”

A

What is Endosteum?

27
Q

The five types of bone tissue cells

A 
Osteogenic cells 
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Bone-lining cells
Osteoclasts
28
Q

Mitotically active, Bone-forming cells that secrete the bone matrix.

A

What are Osteoblasts.?

29
Q

What type of cells do all connective tissue cells originate from? (Except osteoclasts)

A

What are Mesenchymal cells?

30
Q

What type of cell is a stem cell?

A

What are Osteogenic/osteoprogenitor cell

31
Q

Mitotically active stem cells found in membranous periosteum and endosteum

A

What are Osteogenic cells/osteoprogenitor cells?

32
Q

Which type of bone cell plays a role in matrix calcification?

A

Osteoblasts

33
Q

Flat cells found on bone surfaces where remodeling is occurring

A

What is Bone lining cells?

34
Q

Lamellae that are found just deep to the periosteum and just superficial to the endosteum.
Extending around entire circumference of diaphysis

A

What are Circumferential Lamellae?

35
Q

Structural unit of compact bone

A

What is Osteon/Haversian system?

36
Q

Spidery-shaped, Mature bone cell that monitors and maintains the mineralized bone matrix

A

What are Osteocytes?

37
Q

What are tiny weight-bearing pillars?

A

Osteons

38
Q

“Little plate”

A

Lamella

39
Q

Type of bone cell that is responsible for bone growth

A

What are Osteoblasts?

39
Q

What is a lamella?

A

A group of hollow tubes of bone matrix, one placed outside the next like growth rings on a tree trunk.

40
Q

Lamellar bone is more commonly known as ….?

A

Compact bone

42
Q

Giant multinucleate cells located at sites of bone resorption

A

What are Osteoclasts?

43
Q

Collagen fibers on a lamella run in similar direction or opposite directions?

A

Opposite

44
Q

Canal running through the center of each osteon

A

What is the Central canal/Haversian canal?

44
Q

“Little lakes” where osteocytes lie

A

What are Lacunae?

45
Q

What are canaliculi?

A

Hairlike canals that connect the lacunae to each other and to the central canal

47
Q

Canals which lie at right angles to the long axis to the bone and connect the blood and nerve supply of the medullary cavity to the central canal.

A

What are Perforating canals/Volkmann’s canals?

48
Q

How are canaliculi formed?

A

When bone is forming, osteoblasts that are secreting bone matrix surround blood vessels and maintain contact with one another by tentacle-like projections.
The newly secreted matrix hardens
Maturing cells become trapped
Tiny canals are formed

49
Q

Lamellae that are not part of complete osteons.

Lie between intact osteons

A

What are Interstitial lamellae?

50
Q

Type of bone that is only a few cells thick
Irregularly arranged Lamellae
Osteocytes are interconnected by canaliculi

A

What is spongy bone?

51
Q

How do nutrients reach osteocytes of spongy bone?

A

By diffusing through the canaliculi from capillaries in the endosteum surrounding the trabeculae.

52
Q

Substances that include bone cells and an osteoid

A

What are organic components?

53
Q

This makes up approx. one-third of the matrix

Includes ground substance and collagen fibers

A

What is an osteoid?

54
Q

Substances : mineral salts

A

What are inorganic components?

55
Q

What is bone ground substance composed of?

A

Proteogylcans

Glycoproteins

56
Q

These bonds stretch and break easily on impact, dissipating energy to prevent the force from rising to a fraction value.
Most of these bonds re-form.

A

What is sacrificial bonds?

57
Q

Why do bones last long after death?

A

Because of the mineral salts they contain, providing an enduring “monument”.

A&P1 (15 decks)

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