Epithelial Tissue

Question 0

What are the 5 characteristics of epithelium ?

Answer 0

1. ) polarity
2. ) specialized contacts
3. ) supported by connective tissues
4. ) avascular but innervated
5. ) ability to regenerate

Question 1

What are the two forms of epithelium that occur in the body?

Answer 1

Covering/lining

Glandular

Question 2

What does ‘polarity’ mean in reference to epithelium?

Answer 2

All epithelial have an apical surface (upper free, exposed surface) and a basal surface (lower, attached surface).

Question 3

What is the difference between microvilli and cilia?

Answer 3

Microvilli - finger like extensions on the plasma membrane which increase exposed surface area. Absorb and secrete substances

Cilia - motile, hairlike projections that propel substances along free surface.

Question 4

What does ‘specialized contacts’ mean in reference to epithelium.

Answer 4

Epithelial cells fit closely together to form continuous sheets.

Question 5

Name two types of specialized contacts

Answer 5

Tight junctions and demosomes

Question 6

Where in the body can you find simple squamous epithelia?

Answer 6

Kidney glomeruli
Air sacs of the lungs
Lining of the heart
Blood vessels
Lymphatic vessels
Lining of ventral body cavity (serosae)

Question 7

Where in the body can you find simple cuboidal epithelia?

Answer 7

Kidney tubules
Ducts and secretory portions of small glands
Ovary surface

Question 8

Where in the body can non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium be found?

Answer 8

Majority of digestive tract (stomach to rectum)
Gall bladder
Excretory ducts of some glands

Question 9

Where in the body can you find ciliated simple columnar epithelium?

Answer 9

Line small bronchi
Uterine tubes
Some regions of uterus

Question 10

Where in the body can you find non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

Answer 10

Male sperm-carrying ducts

Ducts of large glands

Question 11

Where in the body can you find ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

Answer 11

Trachea

Most of upper respiratory tract

Question 12

Where in the body can you find nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

Answer 12

Esophagus
Mouth
Vagina

Question 13

Where on the body can you find keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

Answer 13

Forms the epidermis of the skin (dry membrane)

Question 14

Where in the body can you find transitional epithelium?

Answer 14

Lines uterus, bladder, and part of urethra

Question 15

What is the function of endocrine glands?

Answer 15

Produces hormones through the process of exocytosis directly into the extracellular space

Question 16

In what ways are glands classified?

Answer 16

1. ) Where they secrete their products (endocrine or exocrine)
2. ) unicellular vs. multicellular

Question 17

What is the function of exocrine glands?

Answer 17

They secrete their products onto body surfaces or into body cavities.

Question 18

Where can you find a simple alveolar gland?

Answer 18

There is no important example in humans

Question 19

Where are simple tubular glands found in human body?

Answer 19

Intestinal glands

Question 20

Where can simple branched tubular glands be found?

Answer 20

Stomach (gastric) glands

Question 21

Where can the compound tubular glands?

Answer 21

Duodenal glands of small intestine

Question 22

Where can simple branched alveolar glands?

Answer 22

Sebaceous (oil) glands

Question 23

Where can compound alveolar glands?

Answer 23

Mammary glands

Question 24

Where can compound tubuloalveolar glands be found?

Answer 24

Salivary glands

Question 25

What are merocrine glands?

Answer 25

secrete their products by exocytosis as their being produced.

Question 26

Examples of merocrine glands?

Answer 26

Pancreas
Most sweat glands
Salivary glands

Question 27

What is the function of holocrine glands?

Answer 27

Accumulate their product within them, as they produce it, until they rupture.

Question 28

What is the function of apocrine glands?

Answer 28

Accumulate their products beneath the free surface

Question 29

Where can you find apocrine glands?

Answer 29

There is controversy whether apocrine glands exist in human body, but histologists suggest they exist in mammary glands.

Question 30

What is an example of a holocrine gland?

Answer 30

Sebaceous glands of the skin

Question 31

What are the general characteristics of epithelial tissue?

Answer 31

1. ) cells have free or apical surface
2. ) cells have inferior, attached basal surface
3. ) cells are attached to underlying tissue by basement membrane
4. ) avascular, but innervated
5. ) cells are tightly packed together
6. ) cells usually form sheets and/or layers

Question 32

Classification of simple squamous epithelium:

Answer 32

Flattened, irregularly shaped cells that form a single layer

Allow for diffusion and other exchange processes

Question 33

Classification of simple columnar:

Answer 33

Elongated cells that form a single layer
Goblet cells are present
Associated with absorption and secretion.

Question 34

Classification of simple cuboidal:

Answer 34

Cubed cells
About as tall as they are wide
Associated with secretion and absorption

Question 35

Classification of pseudostratified columnar:

Answer 35

Appears to be many layers

All cells touch the basement membrane, not all cells reach free (apical) apical surface

Question 36

What is the difference between simple and stratified epithelium?

Answer 36

Simple epithelium has one layer

Stratified epithelium has two or more layers

Question 37

What is the purpose of keratin?

Answer 37

It is a protein that waterproofs and protects the epidermis of the skin

Question 38

What are goblet cells?

Answer 38

Unicellular glands that secrete mucus

Found within simple columnar epithelium