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A&P1 > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

0
Q

Define hypodermis:

A

Subcutaneous tissue layer

Also known as ‘superficial fascia’

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1
Q

What is the integumentary system?

A

Skin

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2
Q

What are keratinocytes?

A

Fibrous protein cells which produce keratin

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3
Q

What are melanocytes?

A

Spider-shaped epithelial cells that synthesize the pigment melanin
Found in deepest layer of epidermis

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4
Q

What are dendritic cells?

A

Star-shaped arise from bone marrow.
Also called Langerhans cells
Ingest foreign substances
Key in immune system

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5
Q

What are tactile cells?

A

Also called Merkel cells
Present in epidermal-dermal junction
Associated with a disclike sensory nerve ending

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6
Q

What are the layers of epidermis? (Superficial to deep)

A 
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale
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7
Q

What is the stratum basale?

A

Deepest epidermal layer
Attached to underlying dermis
Consists of singer row of stem cells

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8
Q

What is stratum spinosum?

A

Several cell layers thick
Cells contain weblike system of intermediate filaments
“Prickle cells”

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9
Q

What is stratum granulosum?

A

Thin- consists of 4-6 cell layers
Keratinization occurs here
Creates keratohyaline granules and lamellar granules

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10
Q

What are lamellar granules?

A

Formed by keratinization within the stratum granulosum.
Contain water-resistant glycolipid –> excreted into extracellular space
Major factor in slowing water loss across epidermis

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11
Q

What is stratum lucidum?

A

Translucent
Visible only in thick skin
Thin translucent band, just above stratum granulosum

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12
Q

What is stratum corneum?

A

Durable, Outter-most layer of epidermis
Abundant keratin and thickened plasma membranes protects abrasions and penetrations
Glycolipids between cells protects layer

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13
Q

What is the dermis?

A

Second major skin region
Strong, flexible connective tissue
Rich supply of nerve fibers, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels

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14
Q

What is the papillary layer?

A

Thin, superficial layer
Areolar connective tissue
Fine interlacing of collagen and elastic fibers
Abundance of blood vessels

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15
Q

What does ‘papilla’ mean?

A

Nipple

16
Q

What is the dermal papillae?

A

Peglike projections from surface

Indent overlying epidermis

17
Q

What row friction ridges?

A

They are assumed to enhance the gripping ability of fingers and feet

18
Q

What is the reticular layer?

A

Deepest layer of dermis
80% of thickness of dermis
Coarse, irregularly arranged
Dense fibrous connective tissue

19
Q

What is a cleavage line?

A

Externally invisible lines

Tend to run longitudinally in the skin of head bad limbs and in circular patterns around neck and trunk

20
Q

What are flexure lines ?

A

Dermal folds occur at or near joints where the dermis is tightly secured to deeper structures

Ex. Palms

21
Q

What is the function of melanin?

A

Aids in darkening skin color in order to protect DNA synthesis from UV radiation

22
Q

What is carotene?

A

Yellow to orange pigment found in certain plant products

Tends to accumulate in hypodermis

23
Q

What is the purpose of arrector pili muscle?

A

Muscle which helps hair stand on end when muscle contracts

24
Q

What is the function if the apocrine glands?

A

Active during puberty
Responds to emotional stress
Contains pheromones

25
Q

Where might the apocrine glands be found?

A

Axillary, groin, around nipples

26
Q

Where would eccrine glands be found?

A

Almost everywhere in body

Open directly to skin surface

27
Q

When sebaceous glands become over active and become inflamed, what is the result?

A

acne

28
Q

What mineral is present to give natural red hair it’s hue?

A

Iron

29
Q

What does the condition alopeccia cause?

A

Hair loss

Does not come back

30
Q

What is lunula?

A

Tough, keratinized Nail plate
Fastest growing part of nail
Grows out over the over the nail bed

31
Q

Where is hair found?

A

All body surfaces except palms, bottom of feet, nipples and parts of reproductive organs

32
Q

What causes hair color?

A

Melanin

33
Q

In what ways is heat lost?

A

Radiation
Conduction
Convection
Evaporation

34
Q

How does the body regulate temperature?

A
  1. ) blood vessels dilate and constrict to maintain temperature
  2. ) sebaceous glands produce sweat to cool temperature

A&P1 (15 decks)

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