Structure of Bacteria

Question 1

Define Eukaryotic

Answer 1

Eu means “true”; karyotic means karyon, “nut” or “kernel”, here meaning “nucleus”

Question 2

can be transfer to another bacteria; major percent to transfer traits

Answer 2

Plasmid

Question 2

Define Prokaryotic

Answer 2

pro means before; karyotic means karyon, “nut” or “kernel”, here meaning “nucleus”

Question 3

an extra chromosome that is Possible to gain or transfer immunity

Answer 3

Plasmid

Question 4

what are the three layer of bacteria?

Answer 4

Cell/plasma membrane
Cell wall
Capsule

Question 5

for adhesion or attachment
When bacteria attach together through ___, they create biofilm that makes them stronger

Answer 5

Pili

Question 6

compromises to slime layer and capsule which external to the cell wall

Answer 6

Extramural layer

Question 7

This consists of flagella and pili
Structures projects from the cell surface

Answer 7

Surface appendages

Question 8

Consists if cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane

Answer 8

Cell envelope

Question 9

A folded invagination in the plasma membrane of bacteria produced by the chemical fixation techniques

Answer 9

Mesosome

Question 10

Consists of nucleiod, ribosomes, mesosomes, volatile granules and plasmid

Answer 10

Cytoplasmic inclusion

Question 11

used to prepare samples for electron microscopy, but previously thought to be part of the normal structure of the cell

Answer 11

Mesosome

Question 12

are concentrated deposits of certain substances presented/located in the cytoplasm of certain bacteria

Answer 12

Volatile granules

Question 13

What are the 4 functions of Capsule? (EACD)

Answer 13

1. Enhances bacterial virulence by inhibiting phagocytosis.
2. Acts as protective covering against antibacterial substances such as, bacteriophages, phagocytes, enzymes etc.
3. Capsule antigen is specific for bacteria and can be used for identification and typing of bacteria
4. Diagnostic importance

Question 13

Extracellular gelatinous accumulation of viscid materials around the external surface of the cell wall of bacteria capsule

Answer 13

Slime layer and capsule

Question 14

a polysaccharide layer that lies outside the cell envelope, and is thus deemed part of the outer envelope of a bacterial cell

Answer 14

capsule

Question 15

It is a well- organized layer, not easily washed off, and it can be the cause of various diseases.

Answer 15

capsule

Question 16

When it diffuses into the surrounding medium and remains as a loose undermarcated secretion as in leuconostoc, it is known as ____

Answer 16

slime layer

Question 17

It is the organ of locomotion

Answer 17

Flagella

Question 18

Hair like Helical structure emerge from the cell wall. Composed of flagellin protein and known as H-antigen

Answer 18

Flagella and Motility

Question 18

What are the 5 types of Flagella?

Answer 18

1. Monotrichous
2. Amphitrichous
3. Lophotrichous
4. Peritrichous
5. Atrichous

Question 19

helps in invasiveness as power of locomotion helps in penetrating through epithelial barrier and viscid mucous membrane

Answer 19

Motility

Question 20

Some gram-negative bacteria possess another type of filamentous appendages which are numerous, thinner and shorter than flagella

Answer 20

Fimbrae of Pili

Question 21

helps in the virulence by acting as colonization antigens

Answer 21

Pili

Question 21

helps in the attachment of donor and recipient cells in bacterial conjugation

Answer 21

sex pili

Question 22

made of peptidoglycan
Rough and rigid structure

Answer 22

Cell wall

Question 22

helps in the adherence of symbiotic bacteria to host cell

Answer 22

Ordinary pili

Question 23

20-25 mm in the thickness and weighs about 20-25% of dry weight of the cell

Answer 23

Cell wall

Question 24

a polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like peptidoglycan layer outside the plasma membrane of most bacteria, forming the cell wall.

Answer 24

Peptidoglycan or murein