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Microbiology Lec > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Deals with the study of microorganisms.
Usually less than 1mm in diameter
Usually require magnification with the help of microscope to be seen clearly

A

Microbiology

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2
Q

7 Characteristics of Virus

A
  1. are not living organisms
  2. Are not made out of cells
  3. Can’t keep themselves in a stable state
  4. Don’t grow and cant make own energy
  5. Even though they definitely replicate and adapt to their environment
  6. More like androids than real living organisms
  7. Can only replicate within a host
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3
Q

Single-celled organism that exist in their millions
Both inside and outside organism

A

Bacteria

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4
Q

Unicellular and lack nuclei
Much smaller than eukaryotes
Found everywhere there is sufficient moisture; some found in extreme environments
Reproduce asexually

A

Bacteria and Archaea

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5
Q

ell walls contain peptidoglycan; some lack cell walls; most do not cause disease and some are beneficial

A

Bacteria

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6
Q

cell walls composed of polymers other than peptidoglycan

A

Archaea

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7
Q

8
Characteristics of fungi

A
  1. Single celled or very complex multicellular
  2. Macroscopic
  3. Found in just about any habitat
  4. Most live in land, mainly soul or on plant rather than in sea or freshwater
  5. Lalo na sa moist ecosystem
  6. Eukaryotic (have membrane-bound nucleus)
  7. Obtain food from other organism
  8. Possess cell walls
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8
Q

Two types of Fungi

A

Molds and Yeasts

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9
Q

multicellular, have hyphae, reproduce by sexual and asexual spores

A

Molds

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10
Q

unicellular, reproduce asexually by budding; some produce asexual spores

A

Yeasts

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11
Q

7 Characteristics of Algae

A
  1. Members of a group of predominantly aquatic photosyntetic organism of the kingdom protista
  2. Photosynthetic pigments are more varied than those of plants
  3. Cells have features not found among plants and animals
  4. Unicelllular / multicellular
  5. Photosynthetic
  6. Simple reproductive structures
  7. Categorize on the basis of pigmentation, storage
  8. Products composed of cell walls
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12
Q

Types of Locomotion

A

Pseudopodia
Cilia
Flagella

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13
Q

Give 5 Characteristics of Protozoa

A
  1. One-celled organism that can be free-living or parasitic in nature
  2. Able to multiply in humans which contributes to their survival
  3. Also permits serious infection to develop from just a single organism
  4. Can be parasitic
  5. Needs host to survive
  6. Not 100% parasitic
  7. Single-celled eukaryotes
  8. Can be free living organism
  9. Similar to animals in nutrient needs and cellular structure
  10. Live freely in water; some live in animal hosts
  11. Asexual (most) and sexual reproduction
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14
Q
  • examines the physical characteristics/ appearance of the microbes
    *basis for diagnosis sa sakit
  • outside
A

Microbial morphology

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15
Q

Seeks to understand the cell characteristics of the microbes
Inside and outside of microbes

A

Microbial cytology

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16
Q

Examines the functions and activities of the microbes in vitro or in vivo

A

Microbial physiology

17
Q

meaning of vitro

A

Inside of laboratory

18
Q

meaning of vivo

A

outside or in natural habitat

19
Q

comprises the identification of isolates into known species, the classification of new isolates (creation of new taxa), and nomenclature.

A

Microbial taxonomy

20
Q

Studies the habitat of the microbes
Microbial genetics and molecular biology
Studies the genetic makeup and evolutionary events of the microbes

A

Microbial ecology

21
Q

Phycology

A

algae

22
Q

Mycology

A

fungi

23
Q

When does the Microbial cells first appeared ?

A

between 3.8 and 4.3 billion years ago

24
Q

evolved an began the slow process of oxygenating Earth’s atmosphere, multicellular life forms eventually evolved.

A

Cyanobacteria (oxygenic phototrophs)

25
Q

first phototrophsthat are anoxygenic (non-oxygen producing)

A

Purple sulfur bacteria and green sulfur bacteria

26
Q

Explain how vaccines work

A

Vaccine can be a weakened or killed form of the disease injected into the body

The body creates antibodies to fight the germs

If the actual disease germs ever attack the body, the antibodies return to destroy them

27
Q

What is primary response of anti-bodies?

A

: the immune response occurring on the first exposure to an antigen, with specific antibodies appearing in the blood after a multiple day latent period

28
Q

What is secondary response of anti-bodies?

A

the immune response occurring on second and subsequent exposures to an antigen, with a stronger response to a lesser amount of antigen, and a shorter lag time compared to the primary immune response.

29
Q

what is immunization?

A

A process by which a person becomes protected against a disease through vaccination.

Microbiology Lec (8 decks)

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