History of Microbiology

Question 1

was one of the earliest recorded scholars to articulate the theory of spontaneous generation, the notion that life can arise from nonliving matter

Answer 1

Aristotle (324-322 BC)

Question 1

an obsolete theory that states that living organisms can originate from inanimate objects

Answer 1

The Theory of Spontaneous Generation

Question 2

Performed an experiment in 1668 that refuted the idea that maggots (the larvae of flies) spontaneously generate on meat left out in the open air

Answer 2

Francesco Redi (1626 - 1697)

Question 3

observations that supported the Theory of Spontaneous Generation

Answer 3

1. Frogs simply seem to appear along the muddy banks of the Nile River in Egypt during the annual flooding.
2. Mice simply appeared among grain stored in barns with thatched roofs. When the roof leaked and the grain molded, mice appeared.
3. Mice could arise from rags and wheat kernels left in an open container for 3 weeks.

Question 4

he briefly boiled broth infused with plant or animal matter, hoping to kill all preexisting microbes.

Answer 4

John Needham (1713 -1781)

Question 5

suggests that the exposure of a broth to air was not introducing a “life force” to the broth but rather airborne microorganisms

Answer 5

Louis Pasteur

Question 5

His results contradicted the findings of Needham: Heated bit sealed flasks remained clear, without any signs of spontaneous growth, unless the flasks were subsequently opened to the air

Answer 5

Lazzaro Spallanzani ( 1729-1799)

Question 5

argued that life originates from a “life force” that was destroyed during Spallanzani’s extended boiling. Any subsequent sealing of the flasks then prevented new life force from entering and causing spontaneous generation

Answer 5

Lazzaro Spallanzani ( 1729-1799)

Question 6

a prominent French chemist, filtered air through a gun-cotton filter and, upon microscopic examination of the cotton, found it full of microorganisms

Answer 6

Louis Pasteur (1858)

Question 7

also known as the Father of Microbiology

Answer 7

Louis Pasteur

Question 7

first coined the term “microbiology” for the study of organisms of microscopic size

Answer 7

Louis Pasteur

Question 8

renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation and pasteurization

Answer 8

Louis Pasteur

Question 9

three main founders of bacteriology

Answer 9

Louis Pasteur, Ferdinand Cohn, and Robert Koch

Question 9

remembered for his remarkable breakthroughs in the causes and prevention of diseases

Answer 9

Louis Pasteur

Question 10

Father of Hand Hygiene

Answer 10

Ignaz Semmelweis Pre- 1857 Biologist

Question 11

discoverer of the specific causative agents of deadly infectious diseases incuding tubercolosis, cholera and anthrax

Answer 11

Robert Koch (1843-1910)

Question 12

he is regarded as one of the main founders of modern bacteriology

Answer 12

Robert Koch (1843-1910)

Question 13

Co-founder of microbiology

Answer 13

Robert Koch (1843-1910)

Question 14

the cause or manner of causation of a disease or condition

Answer 14

Etiology

Question 15

the idea that life arose from nonlife more than 3.5 billion years ago on Earth

Answer 15

Abiogenesis

Question 16

Rapid heating and cooling

Answer 16

Pasteurization

Question 17

Microorganisms etiological agents / cause many infectious diseases

Answer 17

Germ theory

Question 18

Study of the immune system

Answer 18

Immunology

Question 19

developed a diagnostic test called tuberculin (purified protein derivative)

Answer 19

Robert Koch and Paul Ehrlich

Question 19

Father of modern surgery

Answer 19

Joseph Lister

Question 20

An antiseptic solution named after Lister

Answer 20

Listerine

Question 20

an etiological agent can be weakened by chemical means then to immunize healthy volunteers

Answer 20

Immunization

Question 21

the artificial execution of chemical reactions to obtain one or several products

Answer 21

Chemical Synthesis

Question 22

Father of chemotherapy

Answer 22

Paul Ehrlich