Structure of atom Flashcards
Conditions for electrical discharge of gases
Low pressure
High voltage
Characteristics of cathode rays
Do not depend on nature of gas, material of electrodes
Characteristics of anode rays
Depend on nature of gas
Neutron discovery experiment
Bombarding thin sheet of Be with alpha particles
Milikan’s oil drop exp principle:
Gravity, electric, viscous drag force act on drop. Charge can be calculated by measuring rate of fall
Characteristics of X rays
High penetrating power
Not deflected by electric or magnetic field
Penetrating power order for alpha beta gamma
alpha < beta < gamma
Drawbacks of rutherford
e- should lose energy and spiral into nucleus
did not explain e distribution
Solid is heated, variation of radiation frequency with inc in temp?
Increases
Red to blue
Intensity vs wavelength graph
wavelength inc, intensity inc reaches max and then decreases
Higher graph means higher temp
No of e depends on
intensity/brightness
KE of e depends on
frequency only
No of spectral lines emitted
(n2-n1+1)(n2-n1)/2
wavenumber constant
1.096 *10^7 m^-1
Energy constant
2.18 * 10^-18J
Frequency constant
3.29 * 10^15 Hz
Probability of finding electron is directly proportional to?
(psi)^2
called probability density
Graph of (psi)^2 vs r, how to identify which orbital
Number of nodes = n-l-1 (radial nodes)
every time graph touches x axis it is a node(radial node)
Aufbau, Hund, Pauli
Aufbau: Filling starts from lower energy level
Pauli: Electrons in same orbital have opp spin
Hund: Pairing happens only after all orbitals are occupied
Exchange energy is max at?
Half filled and fully filled
