Structure/Fxn/Ventilation of Lungs

Question 1

What are the 2 zones in the respiratory system?

Answer 1

Conducting and exchange

Question 2

List 2 functions of the lungs

Answer 2

• Respiratory (gas exchange)
• Ventilation

Question 3

Which zone is in charge of leading the inspired air to the gas exchange zone?

Answer 3

Conducting

Question 4

Describe cartilage and smooth muscle progressing distally

Answer 4

smooth muscle increases
cartilage decreases

Question 5

How are airways organized?

Answer 5

In generations

Question 6

Up to which generation is the conducting zone?

Answer 6

Gen 16

Question 7

Respiratory zone is up to gen?

Answer 7

17

Question 8

What is the volume of has present in the conducting zone called?

Answer 8

Anatomic dead space

Question 9

What process is gas exchanged through?

Answer 9

Diffusion

Question 10

List the 3 types of airway resistance

Answer 10

• airway
• lung
• chest wall

Question 11

What is the main factor affecting resistance?

Answer 11

Radius

Question 12

List the areas of gas exchange

Answer 12

• respiratory bronchioles
• alveolar ducts
• alveolar sacs
• alveoli

Question 13

Which species contain complete tracheal rings?

Answer 13

Avian

Question 14

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the trachea?

Answer 14

Vagus nerve

Question 15

What is caused by the parasympathetic innvervation?

Answer 15

Bronchospasm - trachea narrowing

Question 16

Bronchodilation is caused by?

Answer 16

Sympathetic innervation - Epi

Question 17

The anatomical unit of the respiratory zone (group of alveoli) is the ___________

Answer 17

acinus

Question 18

What are the holes in alveolar wall that facilitate collateral ventilation?

Answer 18

Pores of Kohn

Question 19

List two things that are part of collateral ventilation

Answer 19

• Pores of Kohn
• Intrabronchial Martin’s channels
• Bronchoalveolar Lambert’s channels

Question 20

Alveoli can be divided into __________ and ____________

Answer 20

Type I and II

Question 21

Which pneumocytes secrete pulmonary surfactant?

Answer 21

Type II

Question 22

What creates pressure that pulls the alveoli closed?

Answer 22

Surface tension

Question 23

What prevents alveolar collapse?

Answer 23

Surfactant

Question 24

What is surfactant made of?

Answer 24

Lipoprotein

Question 25

Describe the metabolic function of the lungs

Answer 25

activate angiotensin I to II through angiotensive converse enzyme (ACE)

Question 26

Which is a biochemical process, respiration or ventilation?

Answer 26

Respiration

Question 27

Is energy used in respiration or ventilation?

Answer 27

Ventilation

Question 28

Define ventilation

Answer 28

Gas movement in and out of alveoli

Question 29

What is affected by physical size, activity, body temp?

Answer 29

Ventilation

Question 30

The total process by which O2 is supplied to and used by the body cells and CO2 is eliminated is: ________________

Answer 30

Respiration

Question 31

What is necessary to support tissue metabolism?

Answer 31

Oxygen

Question 32

Define VO2 max

Answer 32

Maximal Oxygen Consumption

Question 33

The amount of gas moving across a tissue is proportional to the area of that tissue but inversely proportional to its thickness is dictated by:

Answer 33

Fick's Law of DIffusion

Question 34

List the 3 factors that determine Fick's Law

Answer 34

- driving force (pressure gradient) - surface area (A) - Wall thickness (T)

Question 35

In which clinical situation will gas exchanged will be compromised ?

Answer 35

Emphysema

Question 36

The total volume of air breathed per minute is the ________________

Answer 36

Total Ventilation (VE)

Question 37

Define tidal volume

Answer 37

volume of each normal breath

Question 38

Breaths/minute is the:

Answer 38

respiratory frequency

Question 39

If VE < normal, it is termed

Answer 39

hypoventilation

Question 40

TV = ?

Answer 40

body wt x RR

Question 41

VE = ?

Answer 41

RR x TV

Question 42

The maximum volume of air inhaled above TV is:

Answer 42

Inspiratory reserve Volume

Question 43

The air remaining in the lung after a forced ventilation is:

Answer 43

Residual Volume

Question 44

The sum of different volumes is the _____________________

Answer 44

lung capacities

Question 45

An obese patient can indicate a higher risk of ?

Answer 45

Hypoxemia

Question 46

T/F Fractional Residual capacity can be measured with a spirometer

Answer 46

False

Question 47

List the 4 lung capacities

Answer 47

- Functional residual capacity - inspiratory - vital - total lung

Question 48

Define volume dead space/physiologic dead space

Answer 48

volume of gas that does not participate in gas exchange (doesnt reach alveoli)

Question 49

The volume found in the nostrils, larynges, and trachea is known as:

Answer 49

Anatomical dead space

Question 50

If there is volume of gas present in alveoli but there is no blood perfusion, it is termed:

Answer 50

Alveolar dead space

Question 51

What are clinical scenarios where dead space can be increased?

Answer 51

- Decrease in CO - Embolism/Thromboembolism

Question 52

What innervates the diaphragm?

Answer 52

Phrenic nerve

Question 53

In which species is exhalation an active process?

Answer 53

Horse

Question 54

Define Boyle's law

Answer 54

Explains relationship between pressure and volume

Question 55

Explain the relationship between pressure and volume

Answer 55

It is indirectly proportional - V increases, then pressure decreases

Question 56

In which region is ventilation better?

Answer 56

Lower regions

Question 57

Top alveoli are less ventilated due to the ?

Answer 57

Vertical gradient of ventilation