Gas Transport by blood

Question 1

What is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere?

Answer 1

Nitrogen

Question 2

What are the 2 gases that participate in gas exchange?

Answer 2

Oxygen and CO2

Question 3

What is the sum of all the partial pressures at sea level?

Answer 3

760 mmHg

Question 4

Calculate the partial pressure of Oxygen (Pp)

Answer 4

% of composition x P total
21% x 760 mmHg
160 mmHg

Question 5

What is the % Nitrogen in the atm?

Answer 5

78%

Question 6

What states that the total pressure exerted by the mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the gases in the mixture?

Answer 6

Dalton’s law

Question 7

What happens to gas in high altitudes?

Answer 7

It becomes less dense (pressure decreases)

Question 8

Which partial difference is greater at capillaries, oxygen or co2?

Answer 8

Oxygen’s (23 mmHg of difference vs 1 of co2)

Question 9

T/F: gas composition changes as you increase altitude

Answer 9

False

Question 10

What does Henry’s Law state

Answer 10

@ constant temp: amount of gas dissolving in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of that gas

Question 11

At 1 mmHg of PaO2, how much O2 is dissolved in 100 ml of blood?

Answer 11

0.003ml of O2

Question 12

If gas pressure increases, what happens to solubility?

Answer 12

Increases

Question 13

What percentage of Oxygen is bound to Hemoglobin?

Answer 13

97%

Question 14

Which molecules represent the partial pressure of O2?

Answer 14

Those dissolved in plasma (not bound to hb)

Question 15

T/F Oxygen bound to Hb will exert pressure

Answer 15

False

Question 16

What value is used to know how much oxygen is bound to Hb?

Answer 16

Saturation (SaO2) in arterial blood

Question 17

What is the red pigment in hemoglobin called?

Answer 17

Heme

Question 18

How many molecules of Oxygen does each Hb combine with?

Answer 18

4

Question 19

What type of curve is the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve?

Answer 19

Sigmoidal

Question 20

Hg behavior depends on?

Answer 20

PO2 - affinity for heme group depends on oxygenation of others

Question 21

SvO2 is around?

Answer 21

75%

Question 22

What happens to SaO2 if PaO2 increases?

Answer 22

Does not change

Question 23

When do the SaO2 curve go into a steep curve?

Answer 23

When PaO2 is <60 mmHg

Question 24

What value of PaO2 is p50?

Answer 24

27 mmHg

Question 25

Define p50

Answer 25

PaO2 pressure at which 50% of Hb is saturated

Question 26

If there is a right shift in the OxyHg-Dissociation curve, what does it mean?

Answer 26

Decreased o2 affinity

Question 27

Metabolic alkalosis, hypothermia, and low PaCo2 can lead to a shift in the curve in which direction?

Answer 27

Left

Question 28

Metabolic acidosis will increase or decrease the p50?

Answer 28

Increase

Question 29

What are 2 ways Oxygen is transported in a pathological manner?

Answer 29

Methemoglobin CO Hb

Question 30

Fe 2+ gets oxidized into Fe3+ in methemoglobin. What can you used to treat this?

Answer 30

Methylene blue

Question 31

What happen in COHb transport?

Answer 31

O2 and CO2 bind in the same site and compete for each other

Question 32

CoHb transport will provide a shift to the curve to what side?

Answer 32

left

Question 33

Define Hufner's constant

Answer 33

1g of Hb can combine 1.34 ml O2

Question 34

How many ml of O2 can 15g Hb/dl hold?

Answer 34

20.8 ml

Question 35

What does CO2 react with to produce Bicarbonate?

Answer 35

water

Question 36

How many mls of CO2 are transported in 100 ml of blood?

Answer 36

4 ml

Question 37

Is Co2 mostly transported with water in arterial or venous blood ?

Answer 37

Arterial blood

Question 38

List the 3 ways Co2 can be transported

Answer 38

- Dissolved - Reacting with H2O - Combining with proteins