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FF4 EXAM 1 > Control of BF by Tissues (Humoral) > Flashcards

Control of BF by Tissues (Humoral) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the circulatory system?

A

Meet metabolic needs of each tissue by controlling blood flow to tissue

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2
Q

What determines local blood flow rate?

A
  • tissue need for O2/nutrient delivery
  • CO2/H+ ion removal
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3
Q

The 2 ways local blood flow control occur are:

A
  • acute control
  • long-term
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4
Q

Acute control is achieved via which mechanisms

A

Vasodilation or vasoconstriction

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5
Q

What brings forth long-term control of blood flow?

A
  • Changes in physical size
  • number of blood vessels supplying tissue
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6
Q

If there are more nutrients being extracted from blood, what happens to blood flow?

A

Blood flow rate increases

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7
Q

List some factors influencing O2 supply and demand

A
  • high altitude
  • Pneumonia
  • CO poisoning
  • Cyanide poisoning
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8
Q

The local blood flow is influenced by what 2 theories?

A
  • Vasodilator theory
  • Lack of O2/Nutrient theory
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9
Q

Where do vasodilators act at?

A
  • Precapillary sphincters
  • Arterioles
  • Metarterioles
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10
Q

Adenosine, CO2, Adenosine Phosphate, Histamine are dilators or constrictors?

A

Vasodilator

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11
Q

What is required to maintain smooth muscle contraction of precapillary sphincters, arterioles, or metarterioles?

A

Oxygen

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12
Q

What are the 2 states of precapillary sphincters?

A

open or closed

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13
Q

________________ is the rhythmical transition between the two states of precapillary sphincters

A

Vasomotion

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14
Q

Lack of glucose would cause what in vessels?

A

Vasodilation

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15
Q

Reactive hyperemia sets off the factors to cause what ?

A

Vasodilation

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16
Q

Autoregulation of Blood flow regulates the tissue resistance in order to ?

A

return blood flow to normal after an increase in arterial pressure

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17
Q

What are the 2 theories associated with autoregulation?

A

Metabolic and Myogenic

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18
Q

In endothelial-derived relaxing factor, what compound is released for vascular dilation to happen?

A

Nitric oxide

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19
Q

Which type of regulation is more complete and important in a chronic demand of tissue change?

A

Long-term control

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20
Q

Describe the main mechanism of long-term blood flow regulation

A

Change the degree of vascularity of the tissue

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21
Q

What is the major factor in long-term tissue vascularity changes?

A

Oxygen

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22
Q

List 3 vascular growth factors involved in angiogenesis

A
  • Vascular Endothelial GF
  • Fibroblast GF
  • Angiogenin
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23
Q

Which type of hormones oppose angiogenesis?

A

Steroid hormones

24
Q

List the 5 vasoconstrictors involved in humoral regulation of circulation

A
  • Epinephrine
  • norepinephrine
  • angiotensin
  • vasopressin
  • endothelin
25
List the 4 vasodilators associated with humoral control
- bradykinin - serotonin - histamine - PGs *Baby Sit High Please
26
What is the only ion considered a direct vasoconstrictor in humoral regulation?
Calcium
27
Which vessels are NOT innervated by the Sympathetic system?
Capillaries, precapillary sphincters and metarterioles
28
What type of fibers are mainly carried by the sympathetic system?
Vasoconstrictor fibers
29
In what 2 parts of the brain is the vasomotor center located?
Pons and medulla
30
Through which nerve does the VMC transmits parasympathetic impulses to the heart?
Vagus (CN X)
31
Define sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone
continuous firing of the VMC vasoconstrictor center to maintain vasomotor tone
32
Define vasomotor tone
partial state of contraction in the blood vessels
33
List the 3 areas of the VMC
- vasoconstrictor - vasodilator - sensory
34
Which portion of the VMC transmits impulses through sympathetic fibers?
Lateral portion
35
Which portion transmits PS impulses to the heart?
Medial portion
36
Norepinephrine acts on ____ receptors to cause vasoconstriction
alpha
37
Which neurotransmitter causes vasodilation through b-receptor stimulation in adrenal glands?
Epinephrine
38
If you perform spinal anesthesia, which division of the nervous system is blocked to the periphery?
Sympathetic
39
The nervous system can cause an (increase/decrease) in AP
increase
40
AP control is regulated by :
Baroreceptor reflex
41
Carotid baroreceptors go to the VMC via ?
CN 9
42
Aortic arch baroreceptors go via the _______ to the VMC
CN 10
43
What type of feedback system is associated with the arterial baroreceptor control system?
Negative feedback system
44
At what pressure is a baroreceptor most sensitive?
100 mmHg
45
where in the medulla does the signal from the baroreceptor go?
nucleus tractus solitarium
46
Increased arterial pressure sends the signal in order to inhibit which VMC center?
vasoconstrictor
47
Describe the primary purpose of the arterial baroreceptor system
Reduce the minute by minute variation of arterial pressure
48
Why are baroreceptors not useful in long-term regulation of AP?
Because the receptors reset themselves in 1-2 days
49
Chemoreceptors are sensitive to?
O, CO2, H ions
50
Where do the nerve fibers of chemoreceptors pass through to go to the VMC?
Herring's nerve and vagus nerve
51
What activates the chemoreflexes?
AP falling below critical level (80 mmHg), decreases O2 or excess CO2
52
Where does the CNS ischemia response originate?
VMC
53
What happens to the bv in the ischemia response?
constrict
54
What is another name for the CNS ischemia response?
Last-ditch stand
55
CNS ischemic response gets activated only when BP falls below?
60 mmHg
56
What is the name of the reaction that occurs when there is an increased CSF pressure in the brain that then cuts off the blood supply? It is a type of CNS ischemic response
Cushing reaction

FF4 EXAM 1 (15 decks)

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