BP Regulation Flashcards

1
Q

The nervous system can’t really adjust blood flow to tissue, but it can do redistribute it by doing what?

A

Increasing HR

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2
Q

Which vessels are not innervated?

A

Capillaries and precapillary sphincters

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3
Q

In sympathetic nerves, there are more (vasoconstrictor or vasodilator) fibers

A

Vasoconstrictor = decreases volume and increases pumping (CO)

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4
Q

Which center transmit parasympathetic impulses through the vagal nerve to the heart?

A

Vasomotor center

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5
Q

Describe sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone

A

impulses transmitted continuosly to maintain partial contraction in bv (vasomotor tone)

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6
Q

List the 3 areas of the vasomotor center

A
  • Vasoconstrictor
  • Vasodilator
  • Sensory
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7
Q

Which portion of the vasomotor center transmits excitatory impulses to increase HR?

A

Lateral portion

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8
Q

Why does Arterial pressure drop with spinal anesthesia?

A

Because of loss of vasoconstrictor tone

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9
Q

What type of feedback system does the Baroreceptor reflex work as?

A

Negative

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10
Q

Carotid receptors go via which CN to the VMC?

A

Glossopharyngeal (9)

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11
Q

Aortic arch receptors go via which CN to the VMC?

A

Vagus (10)

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12
Q

At what pressure are baroreceptors most sensitive?

A

100mmHg

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13
Q

If baroreceptors are activated, what happens to arterial pressure?

A

Decreases

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14
Q

How much time do baroreceptors take to reset, thus making them unuseful for long-term control of arterial pressure?

A

1-2 days

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15
Q

What are AP chemoreceptors sensitive to?

A

O2, CO2 and H ions

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16
Q

At what pressure do chemoreceptors get activated?

A

80 mm Hg or less

17
Q

The last ditch stand is the name given to what response?

A

CNS ischemia response

18
Q

When BP falls below 60 mmHg, what is activated?

A

CNS ischemia response

19
Q

When the AP is increased above CSF Pressure, what reaction occurs to relieve the ischemia?

A

Cushing reaction

20
Q

When the blood volume and AP rise with an excess in extracellular fluid which body system can help bring back the pressure?

A

Renal system

21
Q

What is the term for an increase in sodium output?

A

Pressure Natriuresis

22
Q

List the 2 long-term determinants of AP level

A
  • level of salt + water intake
  • Degrees of pressure shift of the renal function curve
23
Q

T/F CO increase means AP is directly and indirectly increased

24
Q

What ion can increase AP more than water?

25
What is the limit for MAP to be considered hypertension?
110 mmHg (90/135)
26
What are the 2 long term ways AP is regulated?
Renin-angiotensin system aldosterone
27
What happens to renal blood flow in the late stages of hypertension?
Decreased to half normal
28
What is the primary precursor to Aldosterone?
Angiotensinogen
29
Which secondary precursor of aldosterone can increase AP directly?
Angiotensin II
30
Excess aldosterone levels (aldosteronism) can lead to?
Hypertension
31
Chronic control of BP is regulated by the ______________
Kidneys
32
Acute control of Circulation is regulated by the _____________________
Nervous system