Role of Kidney in Long-term AP regulation

Question 1

When there is too much extracellular fluid, AP rises. What to the kidneys do in return?

Answer 1

Excrete the extracellular fluid via pressure diuresis and natriuresis

Question 2

With fluid loss in the urine, what happens to cardiac output and AP?

Answer 2

They return back to normal

Question 3

What are the 2 factors that are required to analyze fluid/electrolyte intake?

Answer 3

• level of salt/water intake
• urinary output curve

Question 4

What are the 2 long-term determinants of AP level

Answer 4

• level of salt and water intake
• degree of pressure shift of renal function curve

Question 5

If CO increases, it directly does what to AP?

Answer 5

increases it (AP = TPR x CO)

Question 6

(salt/water) intake increases AP to a greater extent in comparison to the other.

Answer 6

Salt

Question 7

How does salt increase the AP?

Answer 7

By accumulating and increasing extracellular fluid volume

Question 8

Hypertension is when the MAP is greater than?

Answer 8

110 mmHg

Question 9

What long-term concern is seen with a moderate elevation of AP because of excess workload or hemorrhages?

Answer 9

Shortened life span

Question 10

List the 2 ways AP is regulated long-term

Answer 10

• Renin Angiotensin system
• Aldosterone

Question 11

What is the precursor to Angiotensins?

Answer 11

Angiotensinogen

Question 12

What converts Angiotensinogen into angiotensins?

Answer 12

renin

Question 13

Angiotensin can increase AP directly by doing what?

Answer 13

Increasing TPR ad causing renal retention of salt and water

Question 14

ANGII can cause renal retention of salt and water by acting directly on the kidneys and by what other method?

Answer 14

Acting on adrenal glands to increase aldosterone production

Question 15

What can be a side effect of aldosteronism?

Answer 15

Hypertension