Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology > Structure + Function Of Blood > Flashcards

Structure + Function Of Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the structure of blood?

A

Consists of:
Plasma (fluid)
Cells=> red cells, white cells, platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is another name for red blood cells?

A

Erythrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the structure of red blood cells?

A

Biconcave discs which gives larger surface area for exchange of oxygen + helps with flexibility when they go through capillaries
No nucleus + don’t contain DNA, RNA or mitochondria
Metabolically active despite no mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is another name for white blood cells?

A

Leukocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are 2 most common types of white blood cells?

A

Neutrophils

Lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the structure of neutrophil?

A

Polymorphonuclear=> irregular, multi-lobed nucleus

Granulocyte=> prominent cytoplasmic granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are 2 other types of granulocytes?

A

Eosinophil

Basophil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the structure of mononuclear cells?

A

Single round nucleus
Lacks granules
Large, regular nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are 2 types of mononuclear cells?

A

Monocytes (largest type of WBC)

Lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is another name for platelets?

A

Thrombocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the structure of platelets?

A 
Clotting cells 
Cytoplasmic fragments 
No nucleus 
Membrane bound 
Contain granules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where do blood cells come from?

A

Mature blood cells are produced from stem cells in bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is plasma?

A 
Fluid containing:
Water 
Salts 
Proteins 
Organic molecules e.g.metabolites, carbohydrates + lipids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are ionic constituents of plasma?

A 
Positive ions (cations) e.g. sodium, potassium,calcium, magnesium + hydrogen ions 
Negative ions (anions) e.g. chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate, sulphate + organic anions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is difference between plasma and serum?

A 
Plasma= fluid component of whole blood 
Serum= fluid left after blood clotting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are functions of blood?

A

Transport
Defence
Homeostasis

17
Q

What is function of erythrocytes?

A

Transport oxygen from lungs to body tissues
Help in removal of CO2 from body tissues to lungs
Most CO2 carried as bicarbonate in plasma
Major constituents is protein Hb
Hb binds oxygen
Carries it from lungs to tissues

18
Q

Describe the structure of haemoglobin?

A

Is protein tetramer made up of 4 polypeptide chains- 2 alpha globin chains and 2 beta globin chains
Each globin chain carries a haem molecule
Oxygen binds reversibly to iron atom by coordination
Process by which haemoglobin carries oxygen is no oxidation but it’s oxygenation

19
Q

Give an example of transport

A

Albumin acts as general purpose carrier

But many substances have specialised carrier e.g. thyroxine binding globulin, transferrin

20
Q

Immune system is divided into

A

Innate immune system

Adaptive immune system

21
Q

How is neutrophil involved in immunity?

A

Primary defence especially against bacteria + fungi
Phagocytose + kill bacteria + fungi
Main mediators of innate immunity

22
Q

How is lymphocytes involved in immunity?

A

Main mediators of adaptive immunity
Produce antibodies
Kill virus infected cells

23
Q

What do eosinophil do?

A

Kill parasites

Involved in allergic responses

24
Q

What do basophils do?

A

Kill parasites
Involved in allergic responses
Involved in inflammation

25
Q

What do monocytes (macrophages) do?

A

Phagocytosis of dead cells + pathogens
When there is inflammation or something is going on in body,monocytes leave blood + move to tissues. When they are in tissues, we call them macrophages
Digested products are shown to adaptive immune system
Monocytes talk to innate + adaptive immune system

26
Q

What is plasma-immune defence?

A

Immunoglobulins = made by B lymphocytes and act as antibodies against pathogens
Complement proteins= kill bacteria and other pathogens and cooperate with immunoglobulin and WBC

27
Q

What is role of platelets?

A

Major role is primary hameostasis
Recognise damage at blood vessel wall
Form a platelet plug
Prevent/stop bleeding

28
Q

What is haemostasis plasma?

A

Fibrinogen is major plasma proteins
Converted to fibrin, forms blood clot
Clotting factor control process
Fibrin clot reinforces primary platelet plug

29
Q

What is function of blood?

A

Homeostasis-keeping internal environment of body constant
Maintaining pH
Controlling distribution of water and solutes
Distributing heat

30
Q

What is average life span of red blood cell?

A

~120 days

31
Q

What is diameter and thickness of red blood cells?

A

Diameter ~8um

Thickness ~2um

32
Q

Give examples of few common blood tests

A 
Full Blood count
Liver function tests 
Urea and electrolytes 
Blood glucose 
Lipid profile

Pathology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions