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Unit 1 Biology > Structure and replication of DNA > Flashcards

Structure and replication of DNA Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a strand made up of?

A

Chemical units called nucleotides

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2
Q

What is the phosphate of one nucleotide joined to?

A

The deoxyribose sugar of the nxt nucleotide

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3
Q

How is genetic information encoded?

A

In the sequence of bases along the length of one strand of a DNA molecule

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4
Q

What does each strand have?

A

A sugar phosphate backbone with a 3’ end that starts with a deoxyribose and a 5’ end that finishes with a phosphate

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5
Q

What do DNA molecules do prior to division?

A

Replicate

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6
Q

What is replication?

A

Is the process which DNA molecules make identical copies of themselves

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7
Q

Where does the enzyme DNA polymerase add complementary DNA nucleotides

A

The 3’ end of a DNA strand

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8
Q

What does complementary base pairing mean?

A

Bases pair with each other specifically, A pars with T and C pairs with G

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9
Q

What does antiparallel mean?

A

The two strands run in the opposite directions

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10
Q

What does deoxyribose mean?

A

A component of DNA nucleotides

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11
Q

What is a primer?

A

A short complementary strand of DNA

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12
Q

What is sugar-phosphate backbone?

A

A strongly bonded strand of DNA

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13
Q

What is a template strand?

A

DNA strand on which a complementary copy is made

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14
Q

state the DNA’s structure

A

It’s a double stranded antiparallel structure with deoxyribose and phosphate 3’ and 5’ ends of each stand forming s double helix

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15
Q

What is DNA replication done by?

A

DNA polymerase and primers

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16
Q

What does DNA polymerase do?

A

Unwinds and breaks the weak hydrogen bonds between bases to form two template strands

17
Q

Why can DNA polymerase only add DNA nucleotides in one direction?

A

Resulting in the leading strand being replicated continuously and the lagging strand in fragments

18
Q

What is a monomer?

A

Another name for a nucleotide

19
Q

What does a sequence of bases on DNA determine

A

A genotype for an individual

20
Q

How is a single strand of DNA held together by?

A

By strong chemical inds between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next nucleotide

21
Q

How many chromosomes are there at the mid point of replication

A

92

22
Q

What are the requirements for replication

A 
Primer (short piece of DNA)
Free nucleotides
Energy (ATP)
Enzymes (DNA polymerase)
Template
23
Q

Examples of proteins

A 
Transport
Antibody
Hormones
Enzymes
Structural
Receptor

Unit 1 Biology (8 decks)

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