Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Unit 1 Biology > Division and differentiation of human cells > Flashcards

Division and differentiation of human cells Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the only form of division of a somatic cell?

A

Mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What can adult stem cells in bone marrow differentiate into ?

A

Red blood cells, platelets, phagocytes and lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what happens to mutations in somatic cells?

A

They are not passed onto offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

After somatic cells divide by mitosis what different body tissue types do they differentiate into?

A

Epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What happens to mutations in germline cells?

A

They can be passed on to offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What areas of research and therapeutic uses of stem cells are focused on?

A

The repair of damaged or diseased organs or tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why are stem cells used as model cells?

A

To study how diseases develop or for drug testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does differentiation mean?

A

Changes to cells that allow them to specialise for different functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Give two characteristics of human cancer cells

A

They don’t respond to regulatory signals and they divide repeatedly and excessively.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe one ethical dilemma related to the use of embryonic stem cells

A

To obtain embryonic stem cells the embryo must be killed but you must preserve life through medicine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What stem cell differentiate to replenish cells that need replaced?

A

Adult stem cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Compare the processes of mitosis and meiosis

A

Mitosis has 1 division, 2 division in meiosis
Mitosis line up at the equator in single file, meiosis line up in pairs
Mitosis ends with diploid, meiosis end up hapliod
Mitosis ends with 2 cells, meiosis ends with 4 cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a somatic cell?

A

Any cell in the body other than cells involved in reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a germline cell?

A

They are gametes (sperm and egg) and the stem cells that divide to form gametes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the two divisions that chromosomes in the nucleus undergo?

A

Firstly homologous chromosomes and secondly separating chromatids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does a cell express?

A

Certain genes to produces proteins characteristic for that type of cell.

17
Q

What can genes in an embryonic stem cell do?

A

The genes can all be switched on so these cells can differentiate into any cell type

18
Q

What can stem cells from the embryo do in the lab?

A

They can self-renew in the right conditions

19
Q

What can stem cell research provide us information with?

A

Cell processes. Such as cell growth, differentiation and gene regulation

20
Q

Examples of uses of stem cells

A

Skin grafts, drug testing and bone marrow transplant

21
Q

What form of division can germline cells undergo?

A

mitosis and meiosis

22
Q

What does division by mitosis of a germline stem cell do?

A

Maintains the diploid chromosome number

23
Q

How many chromosomes does a haploid gametes have?

A

23

24
Q

What are stem cells

A

They are unspecialised cells that can divide and can differentiate into specialised cells

25
Q

What does division by meiosis produce?

A

haploid gametes

26
Q

what are the two types of stem cells?

A

Adult and embryonic

27
Q

What process does specialised cells arise through?

A

Differentiation and gene expression

28
Q

How does a cell carry out specialised functions?

A

A cell expresses certain genes to produce proteins characteristic for that type of cell

29
Q

What can cells in the very early embryo do?

A

Differentiate into all?

30
Q

What are tissue stems cells involved in?

A

growth,repair and renewal

31
Q

What is multipotent?

A

They can differentiate into all of the cell types found i a particular tissue type
blood stems cells located in bone marrow

32
Q

What is pluripotent

A

become any cell type in the body. embryo

33
Q

What is a tumour?

A

A mass of abnormal cells

34
Q

What can happen to cells within a tumour?

A

They fail to attach to each other spreading through the body

35
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Cell division that results in two daughter cells

They have the same number and kinds of chromosomes as the parent

36
Q

What is meiosis?

A

Reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells

37
Q

What happens after a cell becomes specialised?

A

It stops dividing and only expresses the genes that are characteristic for that type of cell

Unit 1 Biology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions