Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Unit 1 Biology > Energy systems in muscles > Flashcards

Energy systems in muscles Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What happens during vigorous exercise?

A

The muscles do not get sufficient oxygen to support the electron transport chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what happens when the muscles don’t get sufficient oxygen?

A

Pyruvate is converted into lactate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the conversion of pyruvate to lactate involve?

A

The transfer of hydrogen from the NADH produced during glycolysis to pyruvate in order to produce lactate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is needed to maintain ATP production through glycolysis

A

NAD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What happens when lactate accumulates

A

muscle fatigue occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When is the oxygen debt repaid

A

When exercise is complete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens after exercise is complete?

A

It allows respiration to provide the energy to convert lactate back to pyruvate and glucose in the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do slow twitch fibres do?

A

Contract relatively slowly but can substain contractions for longer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Example of slow twitch

A

long distance running, cycling or cross country skiing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do slow twitch muscles rely on?

A

Aerobic respiration to generate ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the major storage fuel of slow twitch muscle fibres?

A

Fats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do fast twitch muscles do?

A

Contract relatively quickly over short period of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Examples of fast twitch

A

Sprinting or weightlifting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How can fast twitch muscle fibres generate ATP

A

Through glycolysis only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Features of fast twitch muscles

A

Fewer mitochondria

lower blood supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the major storage fuel of fast twitch muscle fibres?

A

Glycogen

17
Q

Features of slow twitch muscles

A

Many mitochondria
Large blood supply
High concentration of the oxygen storing protein myoglobin

18
Q

What do most human muscle tissue contain?

A

A mixture of both slow and fast twitch muscle fibres.

Athletes show a distinct pattern of muscle fibres that reflect their sporting activities

19
Q

How long does it take for creatine phosphate to run out?

A

About 10 seconds

20
Q

Why does creatine phosphate break down to release energy and phosphate

A

because they are used to convert ADP to ATP at a fast rate and therefore help support strenuous exercise in muscle cells

21
Q

When is creatine phosphate restored?

A

When energy demand on muscle cells is low

22
Q

Why do skeletal muscles contract?

A

To bring about about the movements of strenuous exercise

23
Q

What twitch fibres does skeletal muscles have?

A

Slow twitch and fast twitch fibres

24
Q

What is skeletal muscle?

A

muscle attached to the skeleton and contract to cause movement during exercise

25
Q

Give an account of lactic acid metabolism in muscle cells

A

During exercise muscles do not have oxygen for aerobic respiration/ electron transport chain
Pyruvate acid is converted to lactic acid
Transfer of hydrogen from NADH, regenerates NAD needed to maintain ATp production by glycolysis
Lactic acid builds up causing fatigue
Lactic acid is converted back into pyruvate

26
Q

Describe fermentation in human muscle cells

A

Anaerobic

In the absence of sufficient oxygen pyruvate is converted to lactic acid

27
Q

Describe the role of creatine phosphate in cells

A

It breaks down to release energy and phosphate, used to convert ADP to ATP at a fast rate

28
Q

Give an account of slow twitch muscle fibres

A

Contract slowly but maintain concentration for a long period of time
They rely on aerobic respiration
THe have many mitochondria/large blood supply/ a high concentration of myoglobin
Their main strogaeb fuel is fats
Marathon runners have lots of slow twitch muscle fibres

29
Q

Give an account of fast twitch muscle fibres

A

Contract quickly but cannot maintain contractions for a long time
They generate ATP through glycolysis
They have few mitochondria and a low blood supply
Their main storage fuel source are glycogen and creatine phosphate
Sprinters have lots of fast twitch muscle fibres

Unit 1 Biology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions