Structure and function of the blood vessels and heart- in the other pharmacy as well

Question 1

The cardiovascular system (CVS) speeds up

Answer 1

gas and solute transport over long distances (convection)

Question 2

Function of the Cardiovascular System

Answer 2

delivery of O2 and nutrients to each cell

removal of CO2 and waste products from each cell

communication between organs through transport of hormones and other extracellular mediators

temperature regulation

crucial hydrodynamic device in sexual reproduction!

Question 3

Blood pressure is determined by three main factors

Answer 3

cardiac output
peripheral resistance
blood volume

Question 4

Cardiovascular circulation can be divided

Answer 4

into the systemic and pulmonary (lung) circuits with the heart as the central pump
systemic veins-vena cavae- heart-pulmonary truck and arteries - pulmonary vein- heart- systemic arteries
Blue color represents
blood that is only
partially oxygenated

Question 5

What is the composition of blood?

Answer 5

Plasma (water, ions, proteins, nutrients, hormones, metabolic wastes, gases, etc)
o2 transport

Question 6

Most of blood is distributed in the

Answer 6

veins and venules (act as a reservoir)

Question 7

Blood Distribution (at rest)

Answer 7

pulmonary circulation-12
heart-9
arteres-11
arterioles and capillaries-7
veins and venules-61

Question 8

Blood Flow (at rest)

Answer 8

At rest….most blood is flowing through abdominal organs and kidneys
Majority of pumping is in parallel which means that all flow through organs is not linked. Some execeptions including intensines which run into liver….carry food. However if blood flow is occulled then reduction in blood to liver
Heart flow is quite small and any small change in flow and therefore oxygen can lead to reduce O2 and pain (called angina)

Question 9

Blood vessels contain multiple cell layers that regulate their function

Answer 9

lumen
Endothelial cells (Tunica Intima)
Smooth muscle cells (Tunica Media)
Connective tissue (Tunica Adventita)
All blood vessels contain endothelial cells but vary in the thickness of the smooth muscle and connective tissue

Question 10

Blood vessels involved in the circulation

Answer 10

away from the heart oxygenated
arteries
arterioles
capillaries - exchange microcirculation
towards the heart deoxygenated
venules
veins

Question 11

Arteries contain

Answer 11

a large lumen and a thick layer of
smooth muscle (tunica media) and connective tissue (tunica adventitia)
Thick layer of elastic smooth muscle acts as a pressure reservoir

Question 12

Arterioles contain

Answer 12

a thin muscular wall and a small lumen
Contraction of the smooth muscle regulates the diameter of the lumen

• Determine blood flow to organs
• Major determinant of mean arterial pressure

Question 13

Capillaries have a

Answer 13

single layer of endothelial cells
Exchange of nutrients, oxygen and waste across the capillary wall but NOT proteins
Intercellular clefts and fused vesicles channels assist the exchange.
Exchange is facilitated by the slow movement of blood and large surface area within the capillaries
large surface are so faster

Question 14

Venules and veins contain

Answer 14

thin walls, large diameter lumen and valves
Thin small muscle layer and large diameter lumen – allow storage of large blood volume (~ 60% of total blood volume)
Return of venous blood to the heart is facilitated by valves and the skeletal muscle pump

Question 15

Varicose veins

Answer 15

broken valves allow the blood to flow backwards under gravity