Lecture: Reproductive system Flashcards
gonads
ovaries and testes
the gonads produce germ cell which cause
eggs and sperm to be produced
Actions of androgens- males
Hypothalamus
↓GnRH secretion
Pituitary
↓ LH secretion
Male sexual characteristics
Differentiation of male reproductive organs
Secondary sex characteristics
Sex drive
Testes
Spermatogenesis
“anabolic steroids”
e.g. nandrolone
- Metabolism
Protein anabolism
Bone growth
Stimulates erythropoietin
produce steroids sex hormones- females
progesterone
ovarian cycle
1. follicular phase
2.oestrogen- ovulation
3.progesterone -luteal phase
uterine cycle
menses- proliferative phase-secretory phase
Anatomy of male reproductive system
penis
urethra
testis
epididymis
bulbourethral gland
prostate gland
seminal vesicle
ureter
ejaculatory duct
urinary bladder
vas deference- cut in vasectomy
what inside the testis
Seminiferous tubules in the testes are the site of sperm production and hormone synthesis
Leydig cells
are the sites of testosterone synthesis
testosterone stimulate
Sertoli cells
Sertoli cells
are the sites of sperm production-
dihydrotestosterone
bring about the effect of the androgens
Hormonal control of the testes
GnRH, FSH, LH, testosterone levels are relatively
constant on a day-to-day basis
Andropause is the steady decrease in testosterone secretion beginning at about 40 years of age.
inhibin
inhibits secretion of FSH and LH
Anatomy of female reproductive system
egg produced left of over from the corpus luteum is left in the ovaries
-fallopian tube
-uterus
-myometrium
-endrometrium- lining of uterus
-cervix
vagina
Ovarian functions
Oogenesis
Maturation of the oocyte
Ovulation
Secretion of the female sex steroid hormones
Oogenesis
Ovum production
Occurs monthly in ovarian follicles
Part of ovarian cycle
Follicular phase (preovulatory)
Luteal phase (postovulatory)
The Ovarian Cycle
The “follicular phase”:
under the control of follicle stimulating hormone
The “luteal phase”:
Ovulation & corpus luteum formation is under the control of luteinizing hormone
Functions of the uterus
Muscular organ
Mechanical protection
Nutritional support
Waste removal for the developing embryo and fetus
Uterine cycle involves changes in the uterine wall
Uterine cycle
Repeating series of changes in the endometrium
Continues from menarche to menopause
Menses
Degeneration of the endometrium = Menstruation
Proliferative phase
Restoration of the endometrium
Secretory phase
Endometrial glands enlarge and accelerate their rates of secretion
Hormones of the female reproductive cycle
FSH
-Stimulates follicular development
LH
-Maintains structure and secretory function of corpus luteum
Oestrogens
-Have multiple functions
Progesterones/ Progestogens
-Stimulate endometrial growth and secretion
Gonadotrophin releasing hormone
Functioning of gonads is controlled by hypothalamus & anterior pituitary, under the influence of higher brain centres in cortex
This leads to the establishment of pulsatile GnRH release ( frequency 60-90 mins) & a consequent increase in pulsatile gonadotrophin secretion from the pituitary at puberty
thecal cells
develop and secrete oestrogen
corpus luteum- what’s left over
develops and secretes progesterone
after it breaks down starts pre-period
