Lecture: Reproductive system

Question 1

gonads

Answer 1

ovaries and testes

Question 2

the gonads produce germ cell which cause

Answer 2

eggs and sperm to be produced

Question 3

Actions of androgens- males

Answer 3

Hypothalamus
↓GnRH secretion

Pituitary
↓ LH secretion

Male sexual characteristics
Differentiation of male reproductive organs
Secondary sex characteristics
Sex drive

Testes
Spermatogenesis

“anabolic steroids”
e.g. nandrolone
- Metabolism
Protein anabolism
Bone growth
Stimulates erythropoietin

Question 4

produce steroids sex hormones- females

Answer 4

progesterone
ovarian cycle
1. follicular phase
2.oestrogen- ovulation
3.progesterone -luteal phase

uterine cycle
menses- proliferative phase-secretory phase

Question 5

Anatomy of male reproductive system

Answer 5

penis
urethra
testis
epididymis
bulbourethral gland
prostate gland
seminal vesicle
ureter
ejaculatory duct
urinary bladder
vas deference- cut in vasectomy

Question 6

what inside the testis

Answer 6

Seminiferous tubules in the testes are the site of sperm production and hormone synthesis

Question 7

Leydig cells

Answer 7

are the sites of testosterone synthesis

Question 8

testosterone stimulate

Answer 8

Sertoli cells

Question 9

Sertoli cells

Answer 9

are the sites of sperm production-

Question 10

dihydrotestosterone

Answer 10

bring about the effect of the androgens

Question 11

Hormonal control of the testes

Answer 11

GnRH, FSH, LH, testosterone levels are relatively
constant on a day-to-day basis

Andropause is the steady decrease in testosterone secretion beginning at about 40 years of age.

Question 12

inhibin

Answer 12

inhibits secretion of FSH and LH

Question 13

Anatomy of female reproductive system

Answer 13

egg produced left of over from the corpus luteum is left in the ovaries
-fallopian tube
-uterus
-myometrium
-endrometrium- lining of uterus
-cervix
vagina

Question 14

Ovarian functions

Answer 14

Oogenesis
Maturation of the oocyte
Ovulation
Secretion of the female sex steroid hormones

Question 15

Oogenesis

Answer 15

Ovum production

Occurs monthly in ovarian follicles

Part of ovarian cycle
Follicular phase (preovulatory)
Luteal phase (postovulatory)

Question 16

The Ovarian Cycle

Answer 16

The “follicular phase”:
under the control of follicle stimulating hormone

The “luteal phase”:
Ovulation & corpus luteum formation is under the control of luteinizing hormone

Question 17

Functions of the uterus

Answer 17

Muscular organ
Mechanical protection
Nutritional support
Waste removal for the developing embryo and fetus
Uterine cycle involves changes in the uterine wall

Question 18

Uterine cycle

Answer 18

Repeating series of changes in the endometrium

Continues from menarche to menopause
Menses
Degeneration of the endometrium = Menstruation

Proliferative phase
Restoration of the endometrium

Secretory phase
Endometrial glands enlarge and accelerate their rates of secretion

Question 19

Hormones of the female reproductive cycle

Answer 19

FSH
-Stimulates follicular development
LH
-Maintains structure and secretory function of corpus luteum
Oestrogens
-Have multiple functions
Progesterones/ Progestogens
-Stimulate endometrial growth and secretion

Question 20

Gonadotrophin releasing hormone

Answer 20

Functioning of gonads is controlled by hypothalamus & anterior pituitary, under the influence of higher brain centres in cortex

This leads to the establishment of pulsatile GnRH release ( frequency 60-90 mins) & a consequent increase in pulsatile gonadotrophin secretion from the pituitary at puberty

Question 21

thecal cells

Answer 21

develop and secrete oestrogen

Question 22

corpus luteum- what’s left over

Answer 22

develops and secretes progesterone

after it breaks down starts pre-period