structure and function of CVS Flashcards
anatomy of the heart
blood flow:
- superior vena cava
- right atria
- tricuspid valve
- right ventricle - makes up majority of anterior side of heart
- pulmonary valve
- pulmonary artery
- left lung
- pulmonary vein
- left atria
- mitral (bicsupid valve)
- left ventricle
- aortic valve
- aorta
- body
the aorta
different imaging techniques of the heart
- x ray
- ultrasound
- nuclear
- CMR (magnetic imaging)
- CT
- cardiac (1/3)
what is the cardiac thorasic ratio
ratio of the heart size to the size of the thorasic cavity
if its increased:
- hypertrophy
- ischemia
coronary arteries
right coronary artery = right side of heart and SAN, VAN
left coronory artery = left side (atria and ventricle)
BREAKS INTO
left circumflex = left atria, side and back of left ventricle
left anterior descendinf = front and left side of the heart
perichardium
- thin 2 layered filled sac that covers the heart
- mechanical protection of the heart
- prevents friction
phrenic nerves
run parallel to the perichardium sac and they innervate the diaphram
pericharditis
- inflammation
- layers of the perichardium rub against each other
- sharp pain
=
- pericardial effusion = more heart problems
- constrictive pericarditis = scarring and thickening of heart lining so heart cant fill/ empty properly
- cardiac tamponade = pressure on heart = less blood leaves heart = drop in bp and life threatening
pericardiocentesis
- needle inserted into the fifth left intercostal space to remove fluid during cardiac tamponade
major veins in the heart
normal cardiac output in a male
5-6 L a min
how does the body cope with changes in the cardiac output
store of blood in the veins that can deal with temporary imbalances
how is blood flow controlled in the heart
- via resistance in blood vessels in arterioles and pre capillary sphincters
layers of the heart wall
papillary muscles in the ventricles
layers of an artery
- tunica externa
- tunical media
- tunica interna
