structure and function of CVS

Question 1

anatomy of the heart

Answer 1

blood flow:

1. superior vena cava
2. right atria
3. tricuspid valve
4. right ventricle - makes up majority of anterior side of heart
5. pulmonary valve
6. pulmonary artery
7. left lung
8. pulmonary vein
9. left atria
10. mitral (bicsupid valve)
11. left ventricle
12. aortic valve
13. aorta
14. body

Question 2

the aorta

Answer 2

Question 3

different imaging techniques of the heart

Answer 3

• x ray
• ultrasound
• nuclear
• CMR (magnetic imaging)
• CT
• cardiac (1/3)

Question 4

what is the cardiac thorasic ratio

Answer 4

ratio of the heart size to the size of the thorasic cavity

if its increased:

• hypertrophy
• ischemia

Question 5

coronary arteries

Answer 5

right coronary artery = right side of heart and SAN, VAN

left coronory artery = left side (atria and ventricle)

BREAKS INTO

left circumflex = left atria, side and back of left ventricle

left anterior descendinf = front and left side of the heart

Question 6

perichardium

Answer 6

• thin 2 layered filled sac that covers the heart
• mechanical protection of the heart
• prevents friction

Question 7

phrenic nerves

Answer 7

run parallel to the perichardium sac and they innervate the diaphram

Question 8

pericharditis

Answer 8

• inflammation
• layers of the perichardium rub against each other
• sharp pain

=

1. pericardial effusion = more heart problems
2. constrictive pericarditis = scarring and thickening of heart lining so heart cant fill/ empty properly
3. cardiac tamponade = pressure on heart = less blood leaves heart = drop in bp and life threatening

Question 9

pericardiocentesis

Answer 9

• needle inserted into the fifth left intercostal space to remove fluid during cardiac tamponade

Question 10

major veins in the heart

Answer 10

Question 11

normal cardiac output in a male

Answer 11

5-6 L a min

Question 12

how does the body cope with changes in the cardiac output

Answer 12

store of blood in the veins that can deal with temporary imbalances

Question 13

how is blood flow controlled in the heart

Answer 13

• via resistance in blood vessels in arterioles and pre capillary sphincters

Question 14

layers of the heart wall

Answer 14

papillary muscles in the ventricles

Question 15

layers of an artery

Answer 15

1. tunica externa
2. tunical media
3. tunica interna

Question 16

constituents of blood

Answer 16

1. plasma
2. protein (albumin)
3. RBC
4. WBC

Question 17

what effects the viscosity of blood

Answer 17

1. heamocrit levels ( vol of RBC)
2. plasma fibrinogen levels
3. etythrocyte deformability

Question 18

what effect does viscosity of blood have on flow

Answer 18

increased = more resistance = slower flow