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Dermatology > Structure and Function > Flashcards

Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

How much of the population have a skin condiation?

A

over 25%

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2
Q

Is skin the largest vital organ in body?

A

yes

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3
Q

What is the epidermis formed from?

A

ectoderm

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4
Q

What is the dermis formed from?

A

mesoderm

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5
Q

What are pigment producing cells from the neural crest called?

A

melanocytes

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6
Q

Do Blachko’s lines (developmental pattern of skin) follow vessels, nerves or lymph?

A

NONE

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7
Q

What colour is the keratin layer on histology?

A

pink

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8
Q

Which layer is particularly blue on histology?

A

basal layer

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9
Q

What is the order of layers from basal layer upwards?

A

basal layer, prickle cell, granular, keratin

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10
Q

What 3 things control epidermal turnover?

A

growth factors
cell death
hormones

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11
Q

Name 2 conditions where there is a loss of control of epidermal turnover.

A

psoriasis

cancer

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12
Q

Where do keratinocytes migrate from?

A

basement membrane

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13
Q

Which layer is 1 cell thick with small cuboidal cells?

A

basal layer

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14
Q

Which layer is highly metabolically active?

A

basal layer

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15
Q

What type of cells does the prickle cell layer contain?

A

larger polyhedral cells

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16
Q

In which layer are there lots of desmosomes?

A

prickle cell

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17
Q

Which layer has 2-3 layers of flatter cells whose main function is to make keratin?

A

granular layer

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18
Q

Which layer has high lipid?

A

granular

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19
Q

Which layer has odland bodies (lamellar bodies)

A

granular

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20
Q

In which layer are cell nuclei lost?

A

granular

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21
Q

Which layer is the origin of the cornified envelope?

A

granular

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22
Q

Which layer contains corneocytes?

A

keratin layer

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23
Q

Which layer has an insoluble cornified envelope?

A

keratin

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24
Q

Which layer is a tight waterproof barrier?

A

keratin

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25
Q

What release lipid in the keratin layer?

A

lamellar bodies

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26
Q

Give an example of a skin disease where keratinocytes are affected.

A

HPV infection of keratinocytes leads to warts

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27
Q

What plays a key role in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions?

A

dermo-epidermal junction

28
Q

What are the tree layers of the dermo epidermal junction?

A

lamina lucida, lamina densa and sublamina densa zone

29
Q

Name some diseases of the dermo epidermal junction

A

Inherited - epidermolysis bullosa

Acquired - pemphigoid, pemphigus, dermatitis herpetigormitis

30
Q

In what do you see positive immunofluorescnece?

A

Bullous phemphigoid

31
Q

List 5 cell types found in the dermis.

A 
Fibroblasts
Macrophages
Lymphocytes
Langerhans cells 
Mast cells
32
Q

Which of the cell types is found in both epidermis and dermis?

A

langerhans cells

33
Q

What do fibroblasts do?

A

secrete collagen

34
Q

Function of macrophages?

A

scavengers, antigen presentation

35
Q

Function of lymphocytes?

A

immune reactions

36
Q

Function of langerhans cells?

A

antigen presentation

37
Q

Function of mast cells?

A

chemical messengers

38
Q

Describe blood flow in skin blood vessels.

A

Arteriole to precapillary sphincters
to arterial capillaries to venous capillaries to
post-capillary venules to collecting venules

39
Q

What is a port wine stain?

A

Localised overgrowth of blood vessels

40
Q

What are the special nerve receptors in the skin?

A

Pacinian (pressure) and Meissners (vibration) corpuscles

41
Q

What is the pilosebaceous unit?

A

sebaceous gland

42
Q

Which type of glands are the largest glands present on face and chest?

43
Q

Which glands Mainly open onto hair follicle

?

44
Q

Function of sebaceous glands?

A

control moisture loss

protection from bacterial and fungal infection

45
Q

Sebaceous glands are quiescent pre-puberty, true or false?

A

Yes - hormone sensitive

46
Q

What do sebaceous glands produce?

A

sebum: squalene, wax esters, triglycerides and free fatty acids

47
Q

Which glands are present in Axillae and perineum?

48
Q

Which glands produce oily fluid/ odour after bacterial decompostion?

49
Q

Aprocrine glands are dependant on what?

50
Q

Where are eccrine glands found?

A

Whole skin surface - palms, soles and axillae in particular

51
Q

What is the function of ecrine glands?

A

cooling by evaporation

moisten palms / soles to aid grip

52
Q

95% of epidermal cells are what?

A

keratinocytes

53
Q

What do melanocytes produce?

A

dendritic cells

54
Q

What organelles to melanoycytes contain?

A

melanosomes

55
Q

What conversion do melanocytes do?

A

Convert tyrosine to melanin pigment

56
Q

What colour is Eumelanin?

A

brown or black

57
Q

What colour is Phaeomelanin?

A

red or yellow

58
Q

What absorbs light?

59
Q

What form protective cap over nucleus?

A

melanin caps in basal cells

60
Q

What is an autoimmune disease with loss of melanocytes?

61
Q

Which condition is a genetic partial loss of pigment production?

62
Q

In what condition is melanin stimulating hormone produced in excess by the pituitary?

A

Nelson’s Syndrome

63
Q

What is a malignant melanoma?

A

A tumour of the melanocyte cell line

64
Q

Where in the epidermis are Langerhans cells found?

A

prickle cell layer

65
Q

Where are Merkel cells found?

A

between keratinocytes & nerve fibres

66
Q

Which rare type of cancer is caused by viral infection and has high mortality?

A

merkel cells cancer

Dermatology (21 decks)

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