Eczema and Dermatitis

Question 1

What is hyperkeratosis?

Answer 1

Increased

thickness of keratin layer

Question 2

What is parakeratosis?

Answer 2

Persistence of nuclei in the keratin layer

Question 3

What is acanthosis?

Answer 3

Increased thickness

of epidermis

Question 4

What is papillomatosis?

Answer 4

Irregular epithelial thickening

Question 5

What is spongiosis?

Answer 5

Oedema between keratinocytes

Question 6

Describe skin lesions in eczema.

Answer 6

Itchy, ill-defined, erythematous & scaly

Question 7

How can certain allergens causing dermatitis be identified?

Answer 7

patch testing

Question 8

How long are patch tests allergen “batteries” left on back skin?

Answer 8

48 hrs

Question 9

When are patch test reactions tested?

Answer 9

after 96hrs

Question 10

What type of dermatitis is caused by reaction to Soap/detergent/cleaning products, water, oil etc?

Answer 10

Irritant (contact) dermatitis

Question 11

What do you need to think about implications on with regard to irritant contact dermatitis?

Answer 11

occupation

Question 12

What is nappy rash?

Answer 12

irritant contact dermatitis to urine

Question 13

What is there sparing of in nappy rash?

Answer 13

sparing of flexures

Question 14

What other atopic diseases are associated with eczema?

Answer 14

asthma, allergic rhinitis, food allergy

Question 15

Name 3 chronic changes that occur with eczema.

Answer 15

Lichenification
Excoriation
Secondary infection

Question 16

What does crust indicate in eczema?

Answer 16

staph aureus infection

Question 17

What does this describe: monomorphic punched-out lesions?

Answer 17

eczema herpeticum (caused by herpes simplex virus)

Question 18

In whom may a rash be more common on cheeks and extensor surfaces?

Answer 18

infants

Question 19

List 7 steps for treatment of eczema.

Answer 19

Plenty of emollients
Avoid irritants including shower gels and soaps
Topical steroids
Treat infection
Phototherapy – mainly UVB
Systemic immunosuppressants
(Biologic agents)

Question 20

What is the most important gene causing atopic eczema?

Answer 20

fillagrin

Question 21

What does this describe: itchy, reddened, swollen and cracked in circular or oval patches?

Answer 21

discoid eczema

Question 22

Which type of eczema tends to occur in sun exposed areas/ there is often a cut off at collar area?

Answer 22

Chronic Actinic Dermatitis

Photosensitive

Question 23

What type of eczema is secondary to:
hydrostatic pressure
oedema
red cell extravasation?

Answer 23

stasis eczema

Question 24

What is a type of eczema that causes tiny blisters to erupt across the palms of the hands and sometimes the soles of the feet?

Answer 24

Pompholyx eczema

Question 25

What type of eczema is caused by eczema leading to intense pruritus, persistent scratching and the area becoming lichenified (thick and leathery)?

Answer 25

lichen simplex