Structure And Bonding Flashcards

1
Q

Ionic bonding is

A

The electrostatic forces of attractions between oppositely charged ions

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2
Q

Why do compounds with giant ionic lattices have high melting and boiling points

A
  • ESFOA between positive and negative ions
  • very strong
  • require large amounts of energy to overcome
  • therefore have high melting and boiling points
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3
Q

Do ionic compounds conduct electricity

A

Not when solid, only when molten or in aqueous solution

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4
Q

Covalent bonding is

A

The electrostatic forces of attraction between nuclei and shared pairs of electrons

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5
Q

Why substances with a simple molecular structure are gases or liquids, or solids with low melting and boiling points

A
  • weak intermolecular forces between molecules
  • require little energy to overcome
  • low melting/boiling points therefore liquids/gases
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6
Q

Do covalent compounds conduct electricity

A
  • no

- molecules have no mobile charged particles to carry current

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7
Q

Why diamonds is strong with a high melting point

A
  • giant covalent lattice
  • 4 covalent bonds per C
  • very strong
  • require large amount of energy to overcome
    therefore high melting point
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8
Q

Why does diamond not conduct electricity

A
  • no charged particles that are mobile

- cannot carry charge

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9
Q

Why graphite is useful in pencil lead

A
  • giant covalent structure in layers
  • weak attraction between layers
  • require little energy to overcome
  • can slide over each other and deposit on paper
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10
Q

Why graphite has a high melting point

A
  • giant covalent structure
  • 3 covalent bonds per atom
  • very strong
  • requires large amounts of energy to overcome therefore high melting point
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11
Q

Why does graphite conduct electricity

A
  • giant covalent structure in layers
  • 3 covalent bonds per atoms leaves one delocalised
  • can carry current
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12
Q

Fullerenes have low melting/boiling points and can’t conduct electrons. Why?

A
  • molecules
  • weak intermolecular forces between molecules
  • require little energy to overcome
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13
Q

Metallic bonding is

A

The electrostatic forces of attraction between metal cations and delocalised electrons

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14
Q

Why are metals malleable

A

The metal ions slide over eachother and settle in a new position

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15
Q

Why are metals tough solids with high melting points

A
  • esfoa between metal cations and delocalised electrons
  • strong
  • require a lot of energy to overcome
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16
Q

Why metals are good conductors of electricity

A
  • delocalised electrons in metallic lattice

- can move and conduct electricity

17
Q

what are ions

A

Ions are electrically charged particles formed when atoms lose or gain electrons

18
Q

Charge of Ag

A

+

19
Q

Charge of Cu

A

2+

20
Q

Charges of Fe

A

2+, 3+

21
Q

Charge of Pb (lead)

A

2+

22
Q

Charge of Zn

A

2+

23
Q

Hydroxide charge

A

OH-

24
Q

Hydrogen charge

A

H+

25
Q

Ammonium charge

A

NH4 +

26
Q

Carbonate charge

A

CO3 2+

27
Q

Nitrate charge

A

NO3 -

28
Q

Sulfate charge

A

SO4 2-

29
Q

How is a covalent bond formed

A

two non-metal atoms by sharing a pair of electrons in order to fill the outer shell

30
Q

explain why the melting and boiling points of substances with simple molecular structures increase with increasing relative molecular mass

A
  • larger molecules (molecules with more mass) have more forces of attraction between them
  • these forces, although weak, must be overcome if the substance is to boil, and larger molecules have more attractions which must be overcome.
31
Q

Metals have a regular arrangement of

A

layers of positive ions surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons.