Acid Bases And Salts paper 2 Flashcards
Acid and bases
Acids = proton donors (aqueous sources of H+) Bases = proton acceptors (aqueous sources of OH-)
Insoluble base + acid = soluble salt + H2O
- add excess base to acid
- filter
- heat till saturation point
- crystallise
- wash with distilled water
- filter
- dry
Titration
Acid + alkali = soluble salt + H2O
- add alkali + indicator
- titrate acid until colour change
- repeat until 3 concordant results
- repeat with average titre without indicator
- heat, crystallise, wash, filter, dry
Precipitation
Salt + salt = insoluble salt + salt
- add together
- filter
- wash
- dry
Metal + acid =
H2 + salt
Acid + base/alkali
H2O + salt (neutralises)
Acid + carbonate
H2O + salt + CO2
What are alkalis
They are bases that are soluble in water
Litmus paper goes
acid - red
alkali - blue
phenolphthalein goes
acid - colourless
alkali - pink
methyl orange goes
acid - red
alkali - yellow
Universal indicator
acid - red
neutral - green
alkali - blue / purple
Metal oxides, metal hydroxides and ammonia
are bases
sodium, potassium and ammonium are
soluble
nitrates are
soluble
chlorides are
soluble except for silver chloride and lead chloride
sulfate are
soluble except for barium sulfate, lead sulfate and calcium sulfate
carbonates are
insoluble except for sodium, potassium and ammonium carbonate
hydroxides are
insoluble except for sodium, potassium and calcium hydroxide
calcium hydroxide is
slightly soluble
Sulfuric acid
H2SO4
Hydrochloric acid
HCl
Nitric acid
HNO3
