Structure Flashcards
What is an eukaryotic cell?
It is a membrane bound cell with nucleus and chromosomes present and characterised with other membrane bound organelles
What is a prokaryotic cell?
It is a cell which belongs to the prokaryotes kingdom,know for the lack of nucleus and membrane bound chromosomes
What is a nucleus?
Largest nuclear organelle which is a double membrane surrounded by nuclear envelope which is pores which allows substances e.g RNA to move between nucleus and cytoplasm
Contains chromosomes made protein bound linear DNA
Having the genetic material of the cell
What is a nucleolus?
Largest structure in nucleus be at know for being the site of the synthesis of ribosome
What is the mitochondrion?
Is a double membrane and has an inner membrane which is folded to form cristae and inside of it there is a matrix containing its own enzymes to create respiration
Function:site of aerobic respiration which means glucose and other molecules are broke down to produce ATP through multiple chemical reactions.
What is RER?
a series of flattened sacs called
cisternae containing different range of enzymes.Covered in ribosomes enclosed by a membrane,RER folds and processes proteins made on the ribosomes.
What Is SER?
A system of membrane bounds sacs process and produces lipids and carbohydrates
Synthesis of steroids(lipids hormone)
What is the difference between SER and RER?
RER has ribosomes and makes protein which SER does not
What is Golgi apparatus?
Series of fluid filled flattened and curved sacs with vesicles surrounding the edge
Function:processes and packages protein and lipids and also lysosomes
What is a ribosome?
Intercellular structure composed of 2 sub units (RNA and protein)and are the site of protein production.
No membrane
What are lysosomes?
Are vesicle containing powerful digestive enzymes such as protease these digest large molecules into soluble molecules,bound to a single membrane
Breaks down unwanted cells.
Enabling the cell to recycle components and manage cellular waste
What is a cell wall?
Rigid outer covering made out of cellulose or peptidoglycan
Give cell structure
Cell/plasma membrane what is that?
Lipid bilayer contains protein in/on cell
Regulates movement of substances in cell
(1)Describe the pathway to how an enzyme is secreted
Inside nucleus there is DNA which contains genetic code for enzyme and corresponding is activer when cell needs enzyme
(2)Describe the pathway to how an enzyme is secreted
Transcription:gene is activated and transcended in a mRNA molecule which carries genetic instructions for building the enzyme
(3)Describe the pathway to how an enzyme is secreted
mRNA PROCESS:molecule goes thru moderations like adding a cap and tail to become a mature mRNA.
(4)Describe the pathway to how an enzyme is secreted
Translation:ribosomes in cell read the mRNA and build the enzyme by linking amino acids together
(5)Describe the pathway to how an enzyme is secreted
Protein folding:in the cytoplasm,the newly formed enzyme starts to fold into its functional shape
(6)/(7)Describe the pathway to how an enzyme is secreted
RER:where enzymes are made, moves to the Golgi apparatus for additional processing and sorting
Golgi:moves here for additional processing and sorting
(8)Describe the pathway of how an enzyme is secreted from a cell
Vesicles formation: golgi packages the enzymes into vesicles
(9)Describe the pathway of how an enzyme is secreted from a cell
Secretion:vesicles move to the cell’s membrane and release enzyme through a process (exocytosis)
(10)Describe the pathway of how an enzyme is secreted from a cell
Enzyme function:outside it can catalize specific reactions in the cells environment
Why are there so many folds?
To increase the S.A of cell
What are the prokaryotes and what are the differences between eukaryotic cell?
Smaller than euk(mitochondrion can’t fit as it is to big)
-Cell wall in prokaryotes contain murein(type of glycoprotein).
-smaller ribosomes(70s compared to 80s in euk)
-Lack of nucleus (plasmids are lose in cytoplasm)
-cytoplasm lacks membrane bound organelle.
Example:bacteria cells and cyanbacteria ,archea