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Neuropsyciatry > STROKES > Flashcards

STROKES Flashcards

1
Q

label angiogram

A
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2
Q

Stroke

A

The damaging or killing of brain cells starved of oxygen as a result of the blood supply to part of the brain being cut off

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3
Q

TIA (Transient Ischaemic Attack)

A

A stroke that recovers within 24 hours from the onset of symptoms

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4
Q

Stroke Syndrome

A

Constellation of signs and symptoms produced due to occlusion or damage of an artery supplying part of the brain

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5
Q

2 main types of stroke? how do u know what type it is?

A

u wont know, cuz they present the same way!

until u get a CT scan

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6
Q

if young patients had a stroke, what things would u take into acount?

A
  • Vasculitis
  • Sickle cell anaemia
  • Cocaine (coke stroke)
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7
Q

where has blood clot come from?

A
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8
Q

circle of willis

A
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9
Q

where do vertaberal arteries branch off?

describe course

A

vertebral arteries arise from the subclavian A., one on each side of the body, then enter deep to the transverse process at the level of the 6th cervical vertebrae

(skips 7th!)

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10
Q
  • Anterior circulation come from___________arteries
  • Posterior circulation comes from__________arteries
A

anything off the carotid artery is part of the ANTERIOR circulation!

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11
Q

when assessing STROKE SYNDROMES …

• 4 QUESTIONS:

– 1. What artery has been affected?
– 2. What area of the brain does it supply?
– 3. What does this part of the brain do?
– 4. How will the patient present if these areas are damaged?

A
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12
Q

anterior cerebral artery

What area of the brain does it supply?

What does this part of the brain do?

How will the patient present?

A

Initially flaccid paralysis, then over time, once that loss of descending inhibition takes over>> u get spasticity and UMN signs!

Spasticity is a condition in which certain muscles are continuously contracted.

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13
Q

what area of brain has a role in Role in voluntary control of micturition? which A. supplies it?

A

PARACENTRAL LOBULES

area in medial cortex!

one of the higher cortical centers that allows u to suppress micturition

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14
Q

explain split-brain syndrome

A
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15
Q

Alien-hand syndrome

A

The feeling that one’s hand is possessed by a force outside of one’s control.

The syndrome typically arises after trauma to the brain, after brain surgery or after a stroke or an infection of the brain.

A person with the alien hand syndrome can feel sensation in the affected hand but thinks that the hand is not part of their body and that they have no control over its movement, that it belongs to an alien.

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16
Q

middle cerebral artery

– 2. What area of the brain does it supply?
– 3. What does this part of the brain do?
– 4. How will the patient present if these areas are damaged?

A

The majority of the hemisphere!

  • Basal ganglia
  • Internal capsule
  • Macular cortex
17
Q

what is one of the worst outcomes of MCA?

A

MALIGNANT MCA

cerebral edema>> skull is closed box> raised ICP>> coma death!

18
Q

how do u releive the ICP?

A

decompressive hemicraniectomy

take some skull out> to allow a bit of brain to buldge out a relive ICP

19
Q

MCA

How will the patient present ?

A
20
Q

in MMA problems>> why can they also get lower limb symptoms?

A
21
Q

what visual problems will you get with a MCA stroke?

A
22
Q

u can get SPEECH problems in a MCA stroke

-what and how do symptoms occur?

A

depends on which hemisphere is infarcted!

**remember most ppl r LEFT-SIDED dominant!

23
Q

What if the non-dominant (most likely right) side is affected?

A
24
Q

posterior cerebral artery

– 2. What area of the brain does it supply?
– 3. What does this part of the brain do?
– 4. How will the patient present if these areas are damaged?

A
25
Q

u get can Homonymous hemianopia w/ a Big MCA stroke and PCA stroke,

so how could u tell the 2 apart?

A

if u just loose ur visual cortex (PCA stroke) >> then u can get a homonymous hemianopia ALONE

if u have an MCA stroke big enough to wipe out other areas of brain, u’ll also present w/ OTHER symptoms as well (sensory, motor)

26
Q

Cerebellar artery

– 2. What area of the brain does it supply?
– 3. What does this part of the brain do?
– 4. How will the patient present if these areas are damaged?

A
27
Q

Why can cerebellar strokes lead to the feeling of vertigo?

A

if u have nystagmus, ur gunna feel like ur moving but ur not!

28
Q

what is locked-in syndrome?

A

a medical condition, usually resulting from a stroke that damages part of the brainstem, in which the body and most of the facial muscles are paralysed but consciousness remains and the ability to perform certain eye movements is preserved

29
Q

BRAINSTEM SIGNS

explain symptoms if lesion was here!

A
30
Q

Anosognosia

A

It’s well known that many people with a serious mental illness, like bipolar disorder or schizophrenia, don’t take their prescribed medication. One major reason for this behavior is anosognosia, a word of Greek origin that roughly translates to “without knowledge of disease.” You may also hear it called “lack of insight.” What it boils down to is that the person is unaware of their condition and unable to accept i

31
Q

Basilar artery

– 2. What area of the brain does it supply?
– 3. What does this part of the brain do?
– 4. How will the patient present if these areas are damaged?

what 2 things do signs and symptoms of basilar A. block depend on?

A

depends on where the blockage is & how good the collateral circulation is!

32
Q

lenticulostriate artery

– 2. What area of the brain does it supply?
– 3. What does this part of the brain do?
– 4. How will the patient present if these areas are damaged?

A
33
Q

thalamoperforator artery

-which part of main A. does it belong to?

– 2. What area of the brain does it supply?
– 3. What does this part of the brain do?
– 4. How will the patient present if these areas are damaged?

A

no higher cortical symptoms>> purely sensory> lana its just thalamus

34
Q

MRI is better in seeing bleed, so why dont we use em in the acute bleed?

what r we looking for in terms of scans in the acute phase?

A

cuz its more expensive, & takes along time to get

we wanna look for a bleed (bright white) so we know what further managment to take

is it hemmorhagic?>> surgical intervention

is it ischemic stroke>> thrombolysis

35
Q

describe the changes in colour of the clot in the scan overtime

A
36
Q

Not every cas eof weakness or dysphasia is a stroke!

what could be other reasons?

A

HEMI

  • Hypglycemia
  • epilepsy
  • Migrane
  • intracranial tumors/ infection
37
Q

Most commonly occluded vessel?

A

lenticulostraite (lacunar stroke)

38
Q

what syndrome can u get as an effect of the occlusion of PICA?

A

Neuropsyciatry (21 decks)

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