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Pharmacology 2 > Stroke Drugs > Flashcards

Stroke Drugs Flashcards

0
Q

What are the two types of stroke?

A

Thromboembolic infarction - blockage

Intracranial haemorrhage - damage/bleed

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1
Q

What is a stroke?

A

Rapid onset of cerebral deficit lasting more than 24 hours or leading to death - vascular cause.

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2
Q

What happens to the cells during a stroke?

A

Occlusion - cells have no blood supply, irreversible necrosis, cell bursts and contents spills into surrounding tissue.

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3
Q

What are the three stages of a stroke?

A
  1. Early hours - cell getting sick
  2. Inflammation, cells complete dying process
  3. Re routing pathways
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4
Q

What type of drug is alteplase?

A

Fibrinolytic drug

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5
Q

How does alteplase work?

A

Activates plasminogen which converts to plasmin and breaks down the clot

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6
Q

How and where is alteplase given?

A

Intravenously in specialist stroke units

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7
Q

Is alteplase short or long acting?

A

Short

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8
Q

When is alteplase only effective?

A

If given within the first 3 hours

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9
Q

What must you do before giving alteplase and how?

A

Must confirm it is ischaemic by CT scan or MRI

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10
Q

What type of drug is aspirin?

A

NSAID

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11
Q

What does aspirin do?

A

Inhibits COX1 and prevents thromboxane formation

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12
Q

How does dipyridamole work?

A

Inhibits thrombixane synthase, prevents thromboxane formation

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13
Q

How does Clopidogrel work?

A

Antagonise actions of ADP at plunergic ADP receptors

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14
Q

How does Abciximab work?

A

Prevents linking of platelets to fibres

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15
Q

What drug therapy is normally given after a stroke?

A

Aspirin - acutely
Given for 2 weeks
Then anti-platelet regime eg aspirin and dipyridamole or clopidogrel

16
Q

How does heparin work?

A

Activates body’s own anti-clotting molecules, antithrombin III

17
Q

How long does it take for heparin to work?

A

Works immediately

18
Q

What are the two forms of heparin

A

Unfractionated and fractionated

19
Q

How does warfarin work?

A

Acts on the liver to inhibit vitamin K reductase

20
Q

What are the problems with warfarin?

A

Takes days to act or reverse, needs monitoring by INR, will change lots of things in blood, interacts with other drugs and food, drink etc..

Pharmacology 2 (14 decks)

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