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Pharmacology 2 > Anxiolytics And Antidepressants > Flashcards

Anxiolytics And Antidepressants Flashcards

0
Q

Which is the most widespread transmitter in the brain?

A

Serotonin

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1
Q

Where are emotions bunched together in the brain?

A

In the limbic system

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2
Q

Which enzyme breaks down serotonin?

A

Tryptophan hydroxylase

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3
Q

Desipramine and imipramine are both…

A

Tricyclic antidepressants

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4
Q

Sertraline, citalopram and fluoxetine (Prozac) are all

A

Selective serotonin re uptake inhibitors

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5
Q

Fenfluramine and Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, E) are both..

A

SERT Inhibitors, 5-ht releasers

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6
Q

5HT1a-5HT1f

A

Decrease camp

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7
Q

5HT4-5HT5b

A

Increase camp

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8
Q

5HT2a - 5HT2c

A

Increase inositol phosphates and calcium

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9
Q

5HT3

A

Ligand-gated ionic channel - GABBA A receptor, positive ions flow in and cell becomes more excitable

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10
Q

Which area of the brain are the dopamine receptors in?

A

Ventral tegmental area

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11
Q

What happens to L DOPA

A

converted to the enzyme which produces the transmitter dopamine

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12
Q

What are the two main classes of dopamine receptor?

A

D1 like - increases cAMP

D2 like - decreases cAMP

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13
Q

What are the 2 main types of depression

A

Major (unipolar)

Bipolar (manic)

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14
Q

Symptoms of depression are

A

Low or depressed mood
Anhedonia
Low energy or fatigue

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15
Q

Symptoms of mania are

A

Elation
Talkativeness, creativity
Fullness of energy and confidence

16
Q

Patients who suffer from depression tend to have

A

High levels of cortisol (HPA axis)

17
Q

Which areas of the brain tend to be over active in depression?

A

HPA axis and Amygdala

18
Q

What are two non drug therapies for depression

A

Psychotherapy

ECT

19
Q

Name five drugs for depression

A 
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Tricyclic drugs
Selective serotonin re uptake inhibitors
Third generation antidepressants
Mood stabilisers
20
Q

Phenelzine (Nardil)

A 
Depression and bipolar
Monamine oxidase inhibitor 
Side effects - hypertension, weight gain, oedema and sexual dysfunction. Sedation.
Avoid cheese, yogurt etc..
Avoid drugs that effect BP.
21
Q

Tranylcypromine (Parnate)

A

Treatment of severe depression

Monoamine oxidase inhibitor

22
Q

Imipramine
Amitriptyline
Doxepin

A

Tricyclic antidepressants
Shouldn’t be given to patients with history of cv disease.
Sedation and anti cholinergic effects.

23
Q

Fluoxetine (Prozac), paroxetine, sertraline, citalopram.

A

Selective serotonin re uptake inhibitors
Sexual dysfunction and anorexia
Dependence and withdrawal
Drug interactions - MAOIs, cimetidine and warfarin.

24
Q

Bupropion

Venlafaxine

A

Miscellaneous next generation antidepressants

25
Q

Lithium carbonate
Lithium citrate
Carbamazepine
Topiramate

A

Mood stabilisers
Side effects - dizziness, headache, confusion, hair loss, oedema, cardiac dysrhythmias and nephrotoxicity. Toxicity and withdrawal.

26
Q

Name five anxiety disorders

A 
Generalised anxiety disorder
Panic disorder
Phobias
Post traumatic stress disorder 
Obsessive compulsive disorder
27
Q

What may anxiety be due to?

A

Under activity of an inhibitory pathway in the brain

28
Q

What are here types of anxiolytics?

A

Sedative hypnotics
Benzodiazepines
Second generation non-benzodiazepines

29
Q

Thiopental, seconarbital, phenobarbital, zolpidem.

A

Sedative hypnotics
Side effects - drowsiness or hangover, dependence and tolerance, possible seizure on withdrawal. Avoid other CNS depressants

30
Q

Diazepam, aprozalam, tamazepam, lorazepam.

A

Benzodiazepines
Side effects - anti cholinergic effects, date rape.
Shouldn’t be given to patients suffering from glaucoma.

31
Q

Buspirone

A

Non - benzodiazepine anxiolytic

Anti cholinergic effects

32
Q

What may patients with disorganised schizophrenia have?

A

Difficult to understand, speech may be incomprehensible

33
Q

What may patients with paranoid schizophrenia experience?

A

Hallucinations, delusions, disorganised behaviour.

34
Q

What is catatonic schizophrenia?

A

May experience catatonic stupor and waxy flexibility

35
Q

Chlorpromazine, fluohenazine, haloperidol, loxapine

A

Antipsychotics/neuroleptics
Side effects - Parkinsonism, sedation, hypotension, impaired thermoregulation and lactation, neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

36
Q

Clozapine, amisulpride, risperidone, olanzepine.

A

Atypical antipsychotics
Management of schizophrenia
Side effects - headache, blurred vision, photosensitivity, insomnia, nervousness, dizziness. GI stress, weight gain.

Pharmacology 2 (14 decks)

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