Antifungals

Question 0

What do systemic mycoses effect?

Answer 0

Internal organs (kidneys, lung, brain)

Question 1

What do superficial mycoses effect?

Answer 1

Scalp, nails and skin, mucus membranes,

Question 2

What are fungal pathogens?

Answer 2

Eukaryotes

Question 3

Give an example of a commensal fugal pathogen?

Answer 3

Candida albicans

Question 4

Give an example of an environmental fungal pathogen?

Answer 4

Cryptococcus neoformans

Aspergillus furnigature

Question 5

What might make a patient high risk to fungal infections?

Answer 5

HIV/AIDS
organ transplant
Cancer
ICU stay
Long term broad spectrum abx 
Premature birth

Question 6

What causes vaginitis?

Answer 6

C. Albicans

Question 7

What two components does the fungal cell wall have?

Answer 7

Skeletal components

Matrix components

Question 8

What are the two skeletal components of the fungal cell wall?

Answer 8

Glucan

Chitin

Question 9

What do echinocandins eg caspofungin and micafungin inhibit?

Answer 9

The enzyme beta 1-3 glucagon synthetase

Inhibit synthesis of beta 1,3 glucan

Question 10

What is the difference between fungal and human cell plasma membranes?

Answer 10

Fungal cells contain ergosterol

Human cells contain cholesterol

Question 11

What two ways do anti fungals target ergosterol?

Answer 11

Either bind to resident ergosterol or inhibit different biosynthetic enzymes

Question 12

What do polyenes bind to?

Answer 12

Ergosterol and form pores in the PM

Question 13

What does polyene antifungalsm binding to pores in the PM cause?

Answer 13

Leakage of cells constituents

Question 14

What is the prolonged application of polyene antifungals associated with?

Answer 14

Severe side effects (kidney failure)

Question 15

What reduces the risk of severe side effects from Amphotericin B?

Answer 15

Amp B lipid complex (ABLC)

Liposomal Amp B (L-Amp B)

Question 16

Which fungal infections is Nystatin used to treat?

Answer 16

Oral and GI

Question 17

What is a key step in ergosterol biosynthesis?

Answer 17

Lanosterol demethylation

Question 18

What do Azores inhibit?

Answer 18

The enzyme lanosterol C-14

Question 19

Miconazole, clotrimazole and ketoconazole are all

Answer 19

Common imidazoles

Question 20

Fluconazole, voroconazole and itraconazole are all

Answer 20

Common triazoles

Question 21

Terbinafine and amorolfine are both

Answer 21

Common allylamines