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Cardiovascular > Stroke > Flashcards

Stroke Flashcards

1
Q

What is a stroke?

A

An acute onset of focal neurological symptoms and signs due to disruption of blood supply. Slide 3

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2
Q

What are the types of stroke you can get?

A

Haemorrhagic
Ischaemic
Slide 8

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3
Q

How does a haemorrhagic stroke arise?

A 
Raised blood pressure
Weakened vessel wall due to:
Aneurysm
Inflammation (vasculitis)
Slide 9
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4
Q

What causes an ischaemic stroke?

A 
Something blocking the artery:
Thrombotic
Embolic
Hypoperfusion (narrowed artery)
Slide 10
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5
Q

What are the non modifiable risk factors for stroke?

A 
Age
FH
Gender (usually males)
Race
Previous stroke. Slide 13
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6
Q

What are the potentially modifiable risk factors?

A 
Hypertension
Hyperlipidaemia
Smoking
TIA history
AF
Diabetes
Congestive heart failure
Alcohol excess
Obesity
Lack of exercise
Socioeconomic status
Slide 15
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7
Q

It is possible for young people to get strokes, what are possible causes?

A 
Homocysteinemia
Vasculitis
Anticoagulant deficiency (C and S)
Paradoxical embolism
Genetics
Cardioembolic
Cervical Artery dissection. Slide 18
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8
Q

What are possible stroke mimics?

A 
Hypoglycaemia
Seizure
Migraine
Brain tumours
Functional hemiparesis. Slide 24
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9
Q

What brain imaging can be done to identify if it is an ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke?

A

CT brain +/- angiography
MRI with DWI
MRI with SWI
Slide 25

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10
Q

What investigations can be done to find cause fo ischaemic stroke?

A

Blood tests

Assess for hypertension. Slide 31

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11
Q

If a patient has multiple ischaemic strokes on both sides of the brain, where is the embolis most likely to come from?

A

From the heart as a cardioembolism. Slide 32

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12
Q

If a patient is hypertensive, where will their bleeds be in the brain?

A

Deep and in older patients.

Slide 34

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13
Q

Can there be treatment to reverse disability from an ischaemic stroke?

A

Thrombolysis up to 4.5 hrs from onset

Thrombectomy up to 6 hrs from onset. Slide 35

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14
Q

What is a thrombectomy?

A

Removing the clot by a retrieved in more proximal larger arteries. Slide 40

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15
Q

What treatment can be given to prevent the next stroke if it was caused by a clot?

A 
Antiplatelets
Statins for high lipids
Diabetes management
Hypertension management
Lifesyle advice. Slide 42
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16
Q

If the stroke was due to AF what treatment could be provided?

A

To anticoagulate as soon as possible.
Warfarin
Rivaroxaban, dabigatran, apixaban and edoxaban. Slide 43

17
Q

What surgical managament could be done for strokes?

A

Haematoma evacuation
Releif of increased intracranial pressure
Carotid endarterectomy. Slide 45

18
Q

If a patient has a transient ischaemic attack, they have a higher chance of getting a stroke. True or False?

A

True. Slide 46

Cardiovascular (47 decks)

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