Clinical Aspect of Cardiovascular Risk Flashcards
When does the build up cholesterol in the tunica intimat of blood vessels become clinically apparent and what does it present as?
When there is a fibrous plaque or an athero-sclerotic plaque and can often present as angina, TIA or claudication.
Slide 9
What does a plaque rupture or thrombosis on the plaque present clinically as?
MI
Stroke
Critical leg ischaemia
Death. Slide 9
What are risk factors for Cardiovascular disease?
Smoking Dyslipidaemia High BP Diabetes Obesity Lack of exercise Alcohol consumption
Family History
Age
Gender. Slide 11
What does HDL cholestrol do?
Has a protective effect for risk of atherosclerosis and CVD. Slide 17
When triglycerides are high, HDL cholesterol tends to be high. True or False?
False, HDL cholestrol is low. Slide 17
What is the primary target to prevent CVD?
LDL cholesterol. Slide 21
What are the benefits of statins?
Always reduced CVD eand points by reduction fo total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol.
However they also increase NO avalability, inhibition of inflammatory responses and stabilisation of atherosclerotic plaques.
Slide 24
What is xanthelasma?
The xanthomas of the eyelids which are fatty depositis and can be associated with hyperlipidemia. Slide 29
What are tendon xanthomas?
When extensor tendons of finers, patella, elbows and achilles tendon become infiltrated by lipids. Slide 30
What are tuberous xanthomas?
Lipid deposits in the dermis and subcutis in the extensor srufaces of the large joints; hands, buttocks, heels and elbows.
Sign of familial or acquired hypertriglyceridemia. Slide 31
What are eruptive xanthomas?
Small reddish-yellow papules on the buttocks, posterior thighs, body folds.
Indicate an abrupt increase in serum triglyceride levels. Slide 32
What are some diseases that cuase hypertension?
Chronic kidney failure, stroke, coronary heart disease, MI, heart failure. Slide 34
When treating hypertension, what does it reduce the risk of?
Ischaemic heart disease, stroke and mortality. Slide 41
What lifestyle modifications can people change to reduce hypertension?
Lost weight if overweight Limit alcohol intake Increase exercise Reduce salt intake Stop smoking Limit intake of food with fats and cholesterol. Slide 42
People with hypertension often have other risk factors for CVD, what may they be?
Dyslipidaemia Diabetes Age Male gender Smoking Family History. Slide 44
