Anatomy - Mediastinum in relation to Intravascular interventions Flashcards
What is present underneath the sternum during childhood but not in adulthood?
The thymus. Slide 6
Where can the azygous vein be situated?
In the right chest cavity behind the lung hilum and crossing superiorly over the lung hilum too to join the SVC. Slide 9
What are the 3 brnaches off of the arch of the aorta?
Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid and left subclavian artery. Slide 11
What does the right lymphatic and thoracic duct drain?
Right lymphatic duct drains into the right venous angle(1/4 of body)
Thoracic Duct drains into the left venous angle (3/4 of body). Slide 12
Where does lymph drain to in the lungs?
To the bronchopulmonary lymph nodes then to the tracheobronchial nodes and the corresponding sides drain into the right lymphatic or thoracic duct. Slide 13
Where does lymph from the left inferior lobe drain to in some patients?
Right lymphatic duct. Slide 13
Anatomically where can the thoracic duct be found?
Between the azygous vein and the oesophagus. Slide 14
What is the ligamentum arteriosum an important landmark for?
Where the recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve hooks under and travels back up to the head. Slide 16
In the superior mediastinum name the structures from anterior to posterior
Brachiocephalic veins and SVC Arch of the aorta Trachea Oesophagus Thoracic Duct. Slide 17
What are the nerves in the superior mediastinum, laterally to medially?
Phrenic
Vagus
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Slide 17
What are central veins and name them all.
Central veins are the large veins close enough to the heart to reflect the pressure of the RA. Internal jugular vein Subclavien vein Brachiocephalic SVC IVS Iliac veins Femoral veins. Slide 19
Where does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve hook under to head back up to the head?
Under the right subclavian artery. Slide 23
Why does a patient present with shoulder pain if they’re diaphragm is irritated?
The surpraclavicular nerves are C3 and 4 like the phrenic 3,4,5. The brain them refers pain to the most superficial structure (the shoulder) and presents as shoulder pain. Slide 25
What do the vagus nerves include when the recurrent laryngeal nerve branches off?
Only include parasympathetic fibres. Slide 26
Why would a patient present with hoarseness and dysphagia?
If there was a tumour compressing on the left recurrent laryngeal nerve then that causes paralysis of the left laryngeal muscles causing hoarseness.
Dysphagia would be caused if there was a tumour pressing on the oesophagus. Slide 27
